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Search Result: 1 records
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Vieux, C., A. Aubanel, J. Axford, Y. Chancerelle, D. Fisk, P. Holland, M. Juncker, T. Kirata, M. Kronen, C. Osenberg, B. Pasisi, M. Power, B. Salvat, J. Shima and V. Vavia,
2004
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A Century Of Change In Coral Reef Status In Southeast And Central Pacific: Polynesia Mana Node, Cook Islands, French Polynesia, Kiribati, Niue, Tokelau, Tonga, Wallis and Futuna.
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Ref ID
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E0000006472
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Author
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Vieux, C., A. Aubanel, J. Axford, Y. Chancerelle, D. Fisk, P. Holland, M. Juncker, T. Kirata, M. Kronen, C. Osenberg, B. Pasisi, M. Power, B. Salvat, J. Shima and V. Vavia
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Year
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2004
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Title
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A Century Of Change In Coral Reef Status In Southeast And Central Pacific: Polynesia Mana Node, Cook Islands, French Polynesia, Kiribati, Niue, Tokelau, Tonga, Wallis and Futuna.
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Source
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Keywords
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coral reef monitoring, management, status reports,Natural System,People & Livelihoods,Institutions & Governance,External Threats & Opportunities
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Caption
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Abstract
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The Polynesia Mana Node of the southeast and central Paci?c contains 7 independent or
autonomous countries or territories with only 6,000 km2 of land on 347 islands, but surrounded
by 12 million km2 of EEZ. These seas contain 13,000 km2 of coral reefs as the main natural
ecosystem providing food resources and opportunities for development, especially for tourism
and pearl culture for 500,000 inhabitants. During the 19th and ?rst half of the 20th centuries,
there was major exploitation by the colonial powers of mother-of-pearl oysters for the button
industry, as well as guano, sandalwood and trepang. The Polynesian people were largely
involved in a subsistence economy and all coral reefs and lagoons were healthy. During the
last two decades of the 20th, all countries experienced rapid development and urbanization,
rising populations, and some increased agriculture. These developments were limited to a few
islands of each country (i.e. 15 islands amongst the 347) with resulting degradation of the
coral reefs around these sites. The other islands remained mostly uninhabited and pristine, and
continued with a subsistence economy. Generally, there was more damage to the coral reefs
through natural events such as cyclones and coral bleaching, than by human activities. There is
however, an urgent need to combat the threats on some islands from increased sedimentation,
over-?shing, dredging and nutrient pollution.
The coral reefs of Polynesia Mana are predominantly healthy and at low threat risk in the
immediate future. These coral reefs are probably the least degraded and endangered in the
world as they are remote from continents and in the middle of the largest ocean. The largest
threat is still controversial; predicted global climate change threats of more frequent and
intense cyclones, and rising sea surface temperatures causing more coral bleaching mortality.
Monitoring programs are developing in each country, with some having regular programs
running for decades whereas others are just starting. The Node is now a functional reality with
countries signing on as partners and authors contributing to status reports. The optimistic
predictions are based on increased involvement of national authorities in coral reef protection
and resource management. There are many MPAs currently being planned as awareness is raised and monitoring progresses. Local populations are participating more and reviving their
culture and traditions as a basis for sustainable reef management. The pessimistic predictions
will apply if governments fail in their efforts towards coral reef resource management for these
coastal communities, and if they do not remedy the causes of human stresses to the reefs
around the heavily populated islands.
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