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Search Result: 1 records
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Kotb, M., M. Abdulaziz, Z. Al-Agwan, K. Alshaikh, H. Al-Yami, A. Banajah, L. Devantier, M. Eisinger, M. Eltayeb, M. Hassan, G. Heiss, S. Howe, J. Kemp, R. Klaus, F. Krupp, N. Mohamed, T. Rouphael, J. Turner and U. Zajonz,
2004
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden in 2004.
p: 137-154 in C. Wilkinson (ed.). Status of coral reefs of the world: 2004. Volume 1. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. 301 p.
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Ref ID
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23044
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Author
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Kotb, M., M. Abdulaziz, Z. Al-Agwan, K. Alshaikh, H. Al-Yami, A. Banajah, L. Devantier, M. Eisinger, M. Eltayeb, M. Hassan, G. Heiss, S. Howe, J. Kemp, R. Klaus, F. Krupp, N. Mohamed, T. Rouphael, J. Turner and U. Zajonz
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Year
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2004
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Title
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden in 2004.
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Source
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p: 137-154 in C. Wilkinson (ed.). Status of coral reefs of the world: 2004. Volume 1. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. 301 p.
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Keywords
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coral reef monitoring, management, status reports
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Caption
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Abstract
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The status of coral reefs and coral communities in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden is generally
good, with coral cover averaging 20-50%. This includes decreases and increases in live coral
cover since 2002. The 1998 bleaching event caused major damage on parts of the southern
Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, but caused no damage in the northern Red Sea; in some areas the
recovery has been strong, and weak in others. Recent outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish conservation. The plan aims to reduce impacts with: Integrated Coastal Management;
Education and Awareness; Marine Protected Areas; Ecologically Sustainable Reef Fisheries;
Shipping and Marine Pollution control; and Research, Monitoring and Economic Valuation.
Several major new MPAs are being developed in Djibouti, Eritrea, Saudi Arabia, Sudan and
Yemen. Management of existing MPAs in a number of countries, including Egypt and Yemen,
has improved, with support from the Global Environment Facility and bilateral donors. A
UNDP/GEF Coastal, Marine and Island Biodiversity Project is starting in Eritrea.
(COTS) have occurred in Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Djibouti and western Somalia, along with some
local bleaching. Threats to coral reefs differ in the region, but are increasing with the increasing
rate of coastal development. The major local threats include land fills, dredging, sedimentation,
sewage discharge and effluents from desalination plants, mostly around towns, cities and tourist
development sites. There is local reef damage around major tourism areas, caused by people and
boat anchors, along with other threats. Fish populations are declining in some areas, because of
increased demand for and fishing pressure on food and ornamental species. Destructive fishing
practices such as trawling in fragile habitats is increasing. There has been an influx of illegal
fishing vessels seeking to meet demands of the export market and more affluent and growing
populations locally. The other major threats are from pollution and shipping accidents, and
future bleaching. Monitoring these reefs is becoming increasingly important, as climate change
and warmer waters near the limits for coral growth.
Most countries have enacted national legislation for coral reef conservation, and signed
multinational agreements with assistance from the Regional Organisation for the Conservation
of the Environment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (PERSGA). However, these laws are either
poorly implemented or enforced and often are ignored completely. The main need is to enforce
national and international laws, develop public awareness programs and adopt sustainable
management strategies. This will require long-term strategies for capacity building. PERSGA
developed a Strategic Action Program in 1998 and a Regional Action Plan in 2003 for reef
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