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Search Result: 1 records
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1.
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Sweatman, H., K. Osborne, L. Smith, T. Grubba, J. Kinch, G. Jones and V. Rai,
2002
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Status of Coral Reefs of Australasia: Australia and Papua New Guinea.
In: C.R. Wilkinson (ed.), Status of coral reefs of the world:2002. GCRMN Report, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville. Chapter 9, pp 163-180.
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Ref ID
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13881
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Author
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Sweatman, H., K. Osborne, L. Smith, T. Grubba, J. Kinch, G. Jones and V. Rai
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Year
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2002
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Title
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Status of Coral Reefs of Australasia: Australia and Papua New Guinea.
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Source
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In: C.R. Wilkinson (ed.), Status of coral reefs of the world:2002. GCRMN Report, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville. Chapter 9, pp 163-180.
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Keywords
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monitoring status report management
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Caption
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Abstract
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Australia contains over 17% of the world’s coral reefs, second only to Indonesia. These
reefs are predominantly in good condition due to low levels of human pressure and
supported by substantial research and monitoring. They are well protected from a
relatively low level of stress from the small population that is not dependent on reefs for
subsistence. These reefs have exceptionally high biodiversity, favoured by the massive size
and diversity of habitats. An extensive system of marine protected areas has been
implemented, the best known of these is the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (which is also
a World Heritage Area). This is the world’s largest marine protected area and serves as a
model for the establishment of many other similar multi-user areas. The Great Barrier
Reef (GBR) is amongst the best studied coral reefs in the world, with probably the largest
and most extensive monitoring program, which is used as model for projects elsewhere. It
attracts very high capacity in all areas of coral reef science, management and education.
Crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) predation and coral bleaching have been the primary
disturbances affecting GBR reefs since 2000. The current outbreak of crown-of-thorns
starfish (COTS) originated in the Cairns section of the GBR and has been travelling south since 1992. The central region of the GBR is currently experiencing outbreak levels of COTS,
while reefs in the Cairns section are showing signs of recovery. A second outbreak of COTS
is active in the southern Swains reefs. There was damaging coral bleaching over
considerable areas of the GBR in 2002. Bleaching was once again correlated with elevated
temperature ‘hotspots’ but these varied from the areas affected in 1998. Bleaching was more
extensive and inshore reefs were once again the most affected. Mortality rates from this
event are not yet known. Coral disease is emerging as a new threat to the GBR with surveys
in 2002 showing increased coral mortality due to an unknown group of pathogens
colloquially termed ‘white syndrome’. The coral reefs of Papua New Guinea (PNG), however,
are less well known with few protected areas, but with strong traditional management.
There are reefs with high biodiversity and great scenic beauty, which are in relatively good
condition, although there are warning signals of increasing human pressures and threats
from global climate change. Countering these negative trends, there has been strong recent
interest by larger NGOs which are intent on conserving much of this high biodiversity
through involving communities in resource management. The largest threats on the
horizon are major deforestation activities, increasing fishing pressures from steadily
growing populations, and the unknown threats from coral bleaching.
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