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Search Result: 1 records
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1.
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Pilcher, N. and Krupp, F.,
2000
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The Status of Coral Reefs in Somalia.
Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN)
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Ref ID
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12547
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Author
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Pilcher, N. and Krupp, F.
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Year
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2000
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Title
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The Status of Coral Reefs in Somalia.
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Source
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Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN)
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Keywords
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CORAL REEF
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Caption
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Abstract
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Located at the eastern-most point of Africa, Somalia's coastline is naturally divided into north and south sectors, totalling some 3300 km. The north coast is generally shallow with exposed, high energy sandy beaches. The central portion of this consists of shallow, sandy shorelines, and occasional outcrops and cliffs which may extend into the shallow water. In the eastern part and on the southern coast, high mountains reach the sea.
Three short surveys between 1997 and 1999 to the north coast provide the bulk of the current knowledge on the status of the coral reefs. Each of these used simple, rapid assessment methods and there is a need for detailed surveys which also extend to the southern coast.
There are coral reefs of limited development near Raas Khansir, Raas Cuuda Siyara, and off El Girdi and west of Berbera. Reefs were shallow (1 - 10 m) and occurred on fossilised rock. The coral communities on the reefs varied considerably in condition. All had been affected by bleaching to some degree. The shallow reefs to the east of Berbera had suffered nearly total mortality. Deeper reefs (2 - 5 m) were in better condition. At the Saardin islands, coral diversity, fish populations and individual fish sizes were large. A total of 69 species of scleractinian coral, 11 species of alcyonacean coral and two species of fire coral were found in one study. In general the area is both productive and relatively pristine apart from the deleterious effects of coral bleaching and, to a lesser extent, COTS predation on the coral reefs.
Somali fishermen target a limited number of demersal stocks, bound by fishing gear limitations, and a range of coral reef fish. Fishing by Somali people is limited and nearly entirely artisanal in nature. Though still underdeveloped, these fisheries are essential for the livelihood of a large portion of the coastal population. There is an established lobster fishery based on nearshore reefs along the south east coast. On the north coast most commercial operations are carried out by foreign vessels.
Three areas have been proposed for protection along the north coast, of which only the Aibat, Saad ad-Din and Saba Wanak area (two islands and an adjacent stretch of coastline near Saylac) includes coral reefs. The area is relatively pristine apart from the deleterious effects of coral bleaching and, to a lesser extent, COTS predation on the coral reefs. The effects of human activity on the environment appear to be minimal, the only exceptions being the relatively heavy, opportunistic exploitation of turtles and sharks. Fisheries and transport are only a small component of the national economy, and are not significant threats to coral reefs.
Although signatory to a host of international agreements and Protocols, Somalia is a nation caught in a period of political unrest, from which it is slowly emerging. Its ability to effectively implement the stipulations of international agreements are limited, and national legislation is virtually non-existent.
The two key requirements for improved conservation of coral reefs are funding and personnel. Conservation of coral reefs in Somalia is currently given a lower priority than the rebuilding of the nation and the eradication of poverty. However, if measures can be implemented in tandem with this development, coral reefs will not be lost to future generations. These measures include the development of a system of marine protected areas, the adoption of oil spill response measures, broad-scale environmental education, and continued research and monitoring for early detection of reef deterioration.
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