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Search Result: 6 records
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1.
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Consortium to Restore Shattered Livelihoods in Tsunami-Devastated Nations (CONSRN),
2005
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Regional strategic framework for rehabilitation of
fisheries and aquaculture in tsunami affected
countries in Asia.
FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand. RAP publication
2005/09. 22 p.
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Ref ID
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24328
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Author
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Consortium to Restore Shattered Livelihoods in Tsunami-Devastated Nations (CONSRN)
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Year
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2005
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Title
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Regional strategic framework for rehabilitation of
fisheries and aquaculture in tsunami affected
countries in Asia.
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Source
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FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand. RAP publication
2005/09. 22 p.
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Keywords
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tsunami coastal fisheries
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Caption
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Abstract
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The regional strategic framework presented here has been developed in support of recovery and
rehabilitation efforts following the earthquake and subsequent tsunami waves that originated
off the west coast of northern Sumatra on the 26 December 2004 and that caused extensive
damage to coastal communities in the region.
Estimates of the human cost are just under 300 000 killed (or still missing) with a negative
impact on the livelihoods of around five million people. The total cost of recovery for the
affected areas could be over $ 11.5 billion USD. Importantly, the majority of those affected in
the coastal communities had livelihoods based on agriculture, aquaculture and fisheries, or
were employed in associated enterprises.
In response to the disaster, a consortium (CONSRN) of key regional agencies was formed with
the objective of supporting coordination and harmonization of rehabilitation efforts in fisheries
and aquaculture. In particular, it was agreed that activities were to focus on collating and
disseminating information, carrying out assessments and supporting partners and governments
to build a common vision for post-tsunami rehabilitation of the sector. A regional workshop on
“Rehabilitation of Fisheries and Aquaculture in Coastal Communities of tsunami affected
countries in Asia” (28th February-1st March 2005, Bangkok, Thailand) was held with the objective
of defining and agreeing a joint vision, strategies and a set of guiding principles.
The framework presented here consists of a vision for the rehabilitation of the fishery and
aquaculture sectors which reflects an “ideal state” towards which all strategies and activities
contribute and which avoids the mistakes of the past.
Six strategic elements in support of this vision are described. These include support to:
improving policy and institutions; providing appropriate physical assets; restoring the
environment (while ensuring equitable access); providing appropriate financial support;
improving capacity in support of community livelihoods, responsible coastal resource
management and the rebuilding of social assets. The framework outline the rationale for these
strategic elements and describes potential activities and outputs in support of them. A series of
agreed “guiding principles” are outlined which are intended to guide the rehabilitation and
development activities described in the framework.
The framework outlines the basis for action by the consortium and partners. In order to support
further action, a provisional implementation strategy for activities in its support has also been
developed. The key elements of this include: collaboration in conducting needs assessments,
development of agreed rehabilitation plans, working together to mobilize resources for
rehabilitation and implementation of these plans through projects and programmes either
independently as members or jointly as a consortium.
While this regional strategic framework has been developed from the output of a consortium
workshop it is intended to support not just the work of the partners but also to guide and inform
other agencies involved in the broader tsunami rehabilitation and development work.
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Online Documents
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2.
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Tun, K., J. Oliver and T. Kimura,
2005
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Summary Of Preliminary Rapid Assessments Countries Following The Asian Tsunami Event On December 26, 2004.
p. 9-15. In Japan Wildlife Research Center (ed.). Status of Coral Reefs in East Asian Seas Region: 2004. Ministry of Environment, Tokyo, Japan.
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Ref ID
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25599
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Author
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Tun, K., J. Oliver and T. Kimura
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Year
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2005
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Title
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Summary Of Preliminary Rapid Assessments Countries Following The Asian Tsunami Event On December 26, 2004.
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Source
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p. 9-15. In Japan Wildlife Research Center (ed.). Status of Coral Reefs in East Asian Seas Region: 2004. Ministry of Environment, Tokyo, Japan.
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Keywords
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status report, monitoring management protected area MPA threat
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Caption
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Abstract
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The earthquake of December 26 2004 that struck 30km beneath the Indian Ocean off the Northwestern coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, affected 10 countries that share the waters of the Indian Ocean. It was the world’s most powerful and devastating earthquake since the 1964 Prince William Sound, Alaska earthquake, measuring in at 9.0 on the Richter Scale. It triggered massive tsunamis which caused massive devastation on land and inprecedented loss of lives, and will go down as one of the worst human tragedies in history. The earthquake left the region shaken and geologically unstable, with a further two strong earthquakes measuring between 6.7 and 8.7 on the Richter Scale striking between March 28 to April 10 2005 along the same fault line and south of the December 26 quake, but these did not trigger any tsunami (Figure 1).
Concerns over the environmental impacts and consequences from the earthquakes and the tsunami were highlighted by governments of all countries affected and echoed by numerous international environmental agencies in the immediate aftermath of the events. Concerted efforts have been made by various agencies and groups to address these concerns, resulting in several integrated rapid environmental impact assessments and stand-alone detailed ecosystem assessments conducted in the first quarter of 2005, which have allowed for better understanding of the impacts and responses of the natural environment to the disaster. Results for these assessments have formed the backbone for this report.
This report is a summary synthesis of various post-tsunami environmental assessments that have been conducted, and draws specifically on information related to coral reefs in the affected Southeast Asian countries. This report has drawn from the works of many agencies, groups and individuals, and although efforts have been made to be as thorough and representative as possible, we acknowledge that many gaps still exist in the report. This report will be amended and modified on a regular basis in the next 2 years to incorporate and append new information and results generated from ongoing or future post-tsunami environmental assessments involving coral reefs in Southeast Asia. Information used to develop this report can be found on ReefBase (www.reefbase.org).
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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3.
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Tun, K., J. Oliver and T. Kimura,
2005
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Summary of Preliminary Rapid Assessments of Coral Reefs in Affected Southeast Asian Countries following the Asian Tsunami Event on December 26 2004.
Report compiled by WorldFish Center, GCRMN and Japan Wildlife Research Center. 6 p.
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Ref ID
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24125
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Author
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Tun, K., J. Oliver and T. Kimura
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Year
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2005
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Title
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Summary of Preliminary Rapid Assessments of Coral Reefs in Affected Southeast Asian Countries following the Asian Tsunami Event on December 26 2004.
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Source
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Report compiled by WorldFish Center, GCRMN and Japan Wildlife Research Center. 6 p.
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Keywords
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summary tsunami SEA monitoring
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Caption
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Abstract
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The earthquake of December 26 2004 that struck 30km beneath the Indian Ocean off the Northwestern coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, affected 10 countries that share the waters of the Indian Ocean. It was the world’s most powerful and devastating earthquake since the 1964 Prince William Sound, Alaska earthquake, measuring in at 9.0 on the Richter Scale. It triggered massive tsunamis which caused massive devastation on land and unprecedented loss of lives, and will go down as one of the worst human tragedies in history. The earthquake left the region shaken and geologically unstable, with a further two strong earthquakes measuring between 6.7 and 8.7 on the Richter Scale striking between March 28 to April 10 2005 along the same fault line and south of the December 26 quake, but these did not trigger any tsunami.
Concerns over the environmental impacts and consequences from the earthquakes and the tsunami were highlighted by governments of all countries affected and echoed by numerous international environmental agencies in the immediate aftermath of the events. Concerted efforts have been made by various agencies and groups to address these concerns, resulting in several integrated rapid environmental impact assessments and stand-alone detailed ecosystem assessments conducted in the first quarter of 2005, which have allowed for better understanding of the impacts and responses of the natural environment to the disaster. Results for these assessments have formed the backbone for this report.
This report is a summary synthesis of various post-tsunami environmental assessments that have been conducted, and draws specifically on information related to coral reefs in the affected Southeast Asian countries. This report has drawn from the works of many agencies, groups and individuals, and although efforts have been made to be as thorough and representative as possible, we acknowledge that many gaps still exist in the report. This report will be amended and modified on a regular basis in the next 2 years to incorporate and append new information and results generated from ongoing or future post-tsunami environmental assessments involving coral reefs in Southeast Asia. Information used to develop this report can be found on ReefBase (www.reefbase.org)
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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4.
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Comley, J., S. O'Farrell, S. Hamylton, C. Ingwersen and R. Walker,
2005
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The Coral Reef Resources of Mu Ko Surin
National Park, Thailand.
Coral Cay Conservation, London, UK. 26 p.
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Ref ID
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24118
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Author
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Comley, J., S. O'Farrell, S. Hamylton, C. Ingwersen and R. Walker
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Year
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2005
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Title
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The Coral Reef Resources of Mu Ko Surin
National Park, Thailand.
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Source
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Coral Cay Conservation, London, UK. 26 p.
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Keywords
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post tsunami Surin MPA
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Caption
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Abstract
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This report presents the findings of a coral reef resource assessment study carried out
in Mu Ko Surin National Park by Coral Cay Conservation at the invitation of the
Department of Marine and Coastal Resources and the Department of National Parks,
Wildlife and Plant Conservation of the Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment, Royal Thai Government. Fieldwork was undertaken during March 2005
in collaboration with staff and students from the Marine Biodiversity Research Group
from Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok.
A total of 1.9 km of reef surveys were conducted at twenty-seven discreet survey
sites. Both biotic and abiotic parameters of the coral reef communities as well as data
on the reef fish community structure were recorded in ten meter sub-transects.
Using Bray-Curtis multivariate analysis techniques, a dendrogram or cluster plot was
produced that identified nine discreet benthic classes comprised of different coral reef
communities. These benthic classes are quantified and fully described in this report.
Overlaid onto a high-resolution Ikonos satellite image, this field data was used to
perform a supervised classification on the image. A total of 4.25 km2 of reefal habitat
was identified from the image, of which 69% was positively classified into one of the
nine benthic classes identified from the field-collected data.
A biodiversity inventory conducted as part of this assessment positively identified two
hundred and seventy four species of reef fish in twenty-four families and seventy
species of scleractinian reef building corals.
Overall coral reef health in Surin Park is considered to be good. The location of the
Park in an offshore area with little development affords it protection. It has however
been noted by other authors that the zoning scheme in place in the Park is in need of
review and restructuring.
It is recommended that the kind of information collected and presented in this report
is extended in its breath and comprehensiveness to include the other Marine National
Parks in the East Andaman Sea and that this information be used to formulate
additional management initiatives and strategies for an area which is of high
International importance.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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5.
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Comley, J., S. O'Farrell, S. Hamylton, C. Ingwersen and R. Walker,
2005
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The Impact of the December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami on the Coral Reef Resources of Mu Ko Surin Marine National Park, Thailand
Coral Cay Conservation, London, UK. 26 p.
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Ref ID
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24117
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Author
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Comley, J., S. O'Farrell, S. Hamylton, C. Ingwersen and R. Walker
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Year
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2005
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Title
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The Impact of the December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami on the Coral Reef Resources of Mu Ko Surin Marine National Park, Thailand
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Source
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Coral Cay Conservation, London, UK. 26 p.
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Keywords
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post tsunami Surin MPA
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Caption
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Abstract
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At the invitation of the Department of Marine & Coastal Resources, the Department of
National Park, Wildlife & Plant Conservation, and the Ministry of Natural Resources of the
Royal Thai Government; the UK based NGO, Coral Cay Conservation (CCC), undertook a
study of the coral reefs of the Surin Islands Marine National Park to assess the level of
damage that had occurred as a result of the tsunami of December 26th 2004. A team of CCC
marine scientists carried a programme of underwater surveys around the islands; the first
week spent identifying and quantifying specific indictors of tsunami-induced damage, the
second undertaking a preliminary assessment of the current state of the extant marine
resources of the islands. This document presents the results of the former assessment.
A project-specific methodology was developed for this study, with a high resolution
IKONOS™ satellite image being processed to ascertain the nature of the reefal areas and to
identify survey locations. The surveys took place around the islands at a series of spatially
representative sites. In total, 1424 sub-transects were surveyed, equating to over 28 kilometres
of reef. These data were imported to a Geographic Information System (GIS), which
georeferenced them to the satellite image, and allowed the data to be processed to produce
‘maps’, facilitating visual interpretation of the data. The GIS outputs have been used to
recommend appropriate sites for the implementation of a programme to monitor the rate and
extent of coral recovery.
Live hard coral cover was found to be exceptionally high on the north-east coast of the island
of North Surin, with an average value of 75% and a maximum value of 90%. Interesting
patterns developed in the data set where areas of high proportional tsunami related coral
damage were found in areas that previous to the tsunami did not have substantial live hard
coral cover. Whilst at the localised scale, the tsunami would have far-reaching ecological
consequences on these areas, overall, in the Surin National Park, it was calculated that only
8% of the pre-tsunami coral quantity or coverage may potentially have been lost to the
tsunami if all of this damaged coral subsequently now dies. Encouragingly however, signs of
coral regrowth were discovered and documented. It would appear that healthy coral reef
systems such as those of Surin can begin to regenerate rapidly even in the aftermath of a
natural event as momentous as a tsunami.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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6.
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Allen, G.R.,
2005
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Tsunami Underwater: Marine Effects of the S.E. Asian Tsunami at Weh Island , Indonesia.
GOLDEN DOLPHIN Video CD Magazine Issue No 23: July/September 2005.
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Ref ID
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24450
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Author
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Allen, G.R.
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Year
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2005
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Title
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Tsunami Underwater: Marine Effects of the S.E. Asian Tsunami at Weh Island , Indonesia.
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Source
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GOLDEN DOLPHIN Video CD Magazine Issue No 23: July/September 2005.
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Keywords
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tsunami North Sumatera coral reef destruction
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Caption
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Abstract
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The investigations at Thailand and Pulau Weh revealed a more or less predictable pattern of destruction. The highest level of damage was sustained at sites that encompassed a shallow (0-3 m) reef flat measuring at least 50 m in width, either in bays or narrow channels between islands. These situations appeared to amplify the tsunami’s incredible power. More than 90 percent of the impact was restricted to depths less than 10 m, with the worst damage appearing between about 2-8 m. Degree of exposure to the open sea also played a role, with reefs sheltered from the open ocean usually faring better than fully exposed situations. There was also a fickle side to the tsunami’s behaviour, comparable to the swirling unpredictable path of a tornado, touching down here and there, but also leaving nearby areas unscathed. Sites where the shore plunged directly into deep water without a shallow fringing reef, were usually undamaged..
The reef next to Iboih Village presented a rare opportunity to study the effect of the tsunami on reef fish populations. Although about 75 percent of the reef was destroyed, two mainly undamaged sections provided a baseline of sorts for comparisons. We laid a measuring tape on the bottom running perpendicular from shore and counted every fish within two metres of the tape and also estimated their total biomass using length-weight data. The experiment was repeated four times, two times each on heavily damaged and lightly impacted sections of reef. Slightly over twice as many species and almost five times as many individuals were found in the lightly impacted areas compared to the severely impacted ones. Moreover, the lightly impacted sections had a biomass value that was about four times greater than that of the severely impacted areas..
There is no doubt that the tsunami had a profound impact on local fish communities. Certainly the most dramatic impact we witnessed was at Gapang Lagoon and near Iboih Village. In both instances the entire reef was scoured clean leaving only the basement rocks that formed the foundation of the former living reef. Most of these areas now look like “ghost towns” with drastically reduced fish populations. The adjacent debris fields are oddly reminiscent of the tsunami refugee camps seen around the outskirts of Banda Aceh. They are essentially populated by refugee fishes that have been displaced from their normal living coral reef habitat..
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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