Search for coral reef related articles, reports and other publications. This library includes the publications from International Coral Reef Symposium (ICRS) Proceedings, Coral Reefs Status Report, Reef Fisheries Portal and International Tropical Marine Ecosystems Management Symposium (ITMEMS) Symposium Papers. Please specify your search criteria, and indicate how many results are to be displayed.
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Search Result: 209 records
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1.
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Keating, B.H. and C. Helsley,,
2005
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2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami On The Maldives Islands: Initial Observations.
Science of Tsunami Hazards Vol. 23, No. 2 : 19-70
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Ref ID
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24673
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Author
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Keating, B.H. and C. Helsley,
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Year
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2005
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Title
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2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami On The Maldives Islands: Initial Observations.
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Source
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Science of Tsunami Hazards Vol. 23, No. 2 : 19-70
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Keywords
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tsunami Post-tsunami field surveys inundation
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Caption
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Abstract
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Post-tsunami field surveys of the Maldives Islands where carried out to document the effects of the tsunami inundation. The study area was situated in the islands of South Male Atoll that were some of the most heavily damaged islands of the Maldive Islands. The tsunami damaged the natural environment, vegetation, man-made structures, and residents. The maximum tsunami wave height was 3-4 m. This level of inundation exceeded the height of most residents. The wave height was greatest on the eastern rim of the South Male Atoll (closest to the tsunami source) and these islands were completely flooded. The islands within the interior of the atoll saw the lowest wave heights, and these were only marginally flooded.
Surveys of flood lines left on the exterior and interior of structures were measured but proved to be substantially less than that reported by survivors. It appears that the highest inundation was not preserved as flood lines. We suggest that the turbulence associated with the tsunami inundation erased the highest lines or that they did not form due to an absence of debris and organic compounds that acted as adhesion during the initial flooding.
Significant erosion was documented. Deposition took place in the form of sand sheets while only desultory deposition of coral clasts in marginal areas was found. Seasonal erosion, and storms are likely to remove most or all of the traces of the tsunami within these islands.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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2.
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Sato, S., Y. Koibuchi, T. Honda, T. Welhena and S. Ranasinghe,
2005
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2004 Sumatra Tsunami, Survey around South Part of Sri Lanka.
online document, Tsunami Survey Team, University of Tokyo , Japan
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Ref ID
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24942
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Author
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Sato, S., Y. Koibuchi, T. Honda, T. Welhena and S. Ranasinghe
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Year
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2005
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Title
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2004 Sumatra Tsunami, Survey around South Part of Sri Lanka.
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Source
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online document, Tsunami Survey Team, University of Tokyo , Japan
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Keywords
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tsunami wave height
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Caption
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Abstract
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Investigate the overall impact and reveal the effect of minimising the damage due to any coastal structures.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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3.
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Okal, E.A., C.E. Synolakis, G.J. Fryer, P. Heinrich, J.C. Borrero, C. Ruscher, D. Arcas, G. Guille and D. Rousseau,
2002
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A field survey of the 1946 Aleutian tsunami in the far field.
Seismol. Res. Letts., 73, 490-503
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Ref ID
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23260
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Author
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Okal, E.A., C.E. Synolakis, G.J. Fryer, P. Heinrich, J.C. Borrero, C. Ruscher, D. Arcas, G. Guille and D. Rousseau
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Year
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2002
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Title
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A field survey of the 1946 Aleutian tsunami in the far field.
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Source
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Seismol. Res. Letts., 73, 490-503
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Keywords
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tsunami
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Caption
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Abstract
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Online Documents
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No online document
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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4.
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Bilham, R.,
2005
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A Flying Start, Then a Slow Slip.
Science, Vol 308, Issue 5725, 1126-1127.
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Ref ID
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24236
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Author
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Bilham, R.
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Year
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2005
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Title
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A Flying Start, Then a Slow Slip.
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Source
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Science, Vol 308, Issue 5725, 1126-1127.
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Keywords
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tsunami 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake
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Caption
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Abstract
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The human tragedy caused by the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake (moment magnitude 9.3) on 26 December 2004 and its companion Nias earthquake (moment magnitude 8.7) on 28 March 2005 is difficult to comprehend. These earthquakes, the largest in 40 years, have also left seismologists searching for the words and tools to describe the enormity of the geological processes involved. Four papers in this issue discuss aspects of a rupture process of surprising complexity, the first such event to test the sensitivity and range of many new technologies. A surprising feature of the earthquake is that after the initial rapid rupture, subsequent slip of the plate interface occurred with decreasing speed toward the north.
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Online Documents
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No online document
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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5.
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Lee, Y.L. , Y.A. Affendi, B.H. Tajuddin, Y.B. Yusuf, A.A. Kee Alfan and E. A. Anuar,
2005
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A Post-Tsunami Assessment of Coastal Living
Resources of Langkawi Archipelago,
Peninsular Malaysia.
NAGA, WorldFish Center Newsletter Vol. 28 No. 1 & 2:17-22
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Ref ID
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24669
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Author
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Lee, Y.L. , Y.A. Affendi, B.H. Tajuddin, Y.B. Yusuf, A.A. Kee Alfan and E. A. Anuar
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Year
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2005
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Title
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A Post-Tsunami Assessment of Coastal Living
Resources of Langkawi Archipelago,
Peninsular Malaysia.
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Source
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NAGA, WorldFish Center Newsletter Vol. 28 No. 1 & 2:17-22
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Keywords
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tsunami coral reef monitoring sediment resuspension
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Caption
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Abstract
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Rapid and detailed post-tsunami surveys carried out in the Langkawi archipelago in January 2005 showed
that the coral reefs did not suffer any significant structural damage. Nevertheless, there were signs of
recent sediment resuspension at the sites studied. The diversity and abundance of coral reef fishes and
invertebrates were low. However, this was not attributed to the tsunami effect but rather to the present
environmental conditions. The extent of damage at the villages of Kubang Badak and Kuala Teriang
may indicate that intact coastal ecosystems such as mangroves have the potential to protect lives and
property during natural disasters
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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6.
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Mohd. Pauzi, A.,
2005
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A survey report on the impact of tsunami on Pulau Payar marine park coral reefs.
p. 9-10. in Chee, P.E., R. Siow and M. Ali (Eds.). Interim report of impact of tsunami on fisheries and coastal areas. Fisheries Research Institute , Penang.
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Ref ID
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24718
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Author
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Mohd. Pauzi, A.
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Year
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2005
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Title
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A survey report on the impact of tsunami on Pulau Payar marine park coral reefs.
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Source
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p. 9-10. in Chee, P.E., R. Siow and M. Ali (Eds.). Interim report of impact of tsunami on fisheries and coastal areas. Fisheries Research Institute , Penang.
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Keywords
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tsunami coral reef survey
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Caption
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Abstract
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Online Documents
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No online document
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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9.
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Baird,A.H., S. J. Campbell, A. W. Anggoro, R. L. Ardiwijaya,Nur Fadli, Y. Herdiana, T. Kartawijaya,
D. Mahyiddin, A. Mukminin, S. T. Pardede, M. S. Pratchett,
E. Rudi and A. M. Siregar,
2005
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Acehnese Reefs in the Wake of the Asian Tsunami.
Current Biology, Vol. 15, 1926–1930
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Ref ID
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24927
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Author
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Baird,A.H., S. J. Campbell, A. W. Anggoro, R. L. Ardiwijaya,Nur Fadli, Y. Herdiana, T. Kartawijaya,
D. Mahyiddin, A. Mukminin, S. T. Pardede, M. S. Pratchett,
E. Rudi and A. M. Siregar
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Year
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2005
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Title
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Acehnese Reefs in the Wake of the Asian Tsunami.
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Source
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Current Biology, Vol. 15, 1926–1930
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Keywords
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Sumatra-Andanaman tsunami coral reef monitoring
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Caption
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Abstract
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The Sumatra-Andanaman tsunami was one of the
greatest natural disasters in recorded human history.
Here, we show that on the northwest coast of Aceh,
Indonesia, where the tsunami was most ferocious [1],
the damage to corals, although occasionally spectacular,
was surprisingly limited. We detected no change
in shallow coral assemblages between March 2003
and March 2005, with the exception of one site smothered
by sediment. Direct tsunami damage was dependent
on habitat and largely restricted to corals growing
in unconsolidated substrata, a feature unique to
tsunami disturbance. Reef condition, however, varied
widely within the region and was clearly correlated
with human impacts prior to the tsunami. Where fishing
has been controlled, coral cover was high. In contrast,
reefs exposed to destructive fishing had low
coral cover and high algal cover, a phase shift the
tsunami may exacerbate with an influx of sediments
and nutrients [2]. Healthy reefs did not mitigate the
damage on land. Inundation distance was largely determined
by wave height and coastal topography. We
conclude that although chronic human misuse has
been much more destructive to reefs in Aceh than
this rare natural disturbance [3], human modification of the reef did not contribute to the magnitude of damage
on land.
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Online Documents
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No online document
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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10.
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Schwarz, A., C. Ramofafia, G. Bennett, D. Notere, A. Tewfik, C. Oengpepa, B. Manele and N. Kere.,
2007
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After the earthquake: An assessment of the impact of earthquake and tsunami on fisheries related livelihoods in coastal communities of Western Province, Solomon Islands,
The WorldFish Center and WWF: Solomon Islands
Programme.
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Ref ID
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26358
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Author
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Schwarz, A., C. Ramofafia, G. Bennett, D. Notere, A. Tewfik, C. Oengpepa, B. Manele and N. Kere.
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Year
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2007
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Title
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After the earthquake: An assessment of the impact of earthquake and tsunami on fisheries related livelihoods in coastal communities of Western Province, Solomon Islands,
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Source
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The WorldFish Center and WWF: Solomon Islands
Programme.
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Keywords
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Caption
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Abstract
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Almost 90% of rural communities in the Western Province, Solomon Islands are coastal-based (FAO) and heavily dependent on fisheries resources for their livelihood (Fig. 1). On April 2nd, 2007 a large earthquake and tsunami hit the Western Solomon Islands causing varying degrees of damage and disruption to such coastal communities. The WorldFish Center and WWF-Solomon Islands (WWF-SI) carried out a rapid assessment of impacts over a broad set of villages across theaffected area. This assessment was focussed on the damage to and needs of coastal fisheries related activities including the environment, infrastructure and equipment but also included a more general assessment of long term threats to the sustainable management of coastal resources and communities.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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11.
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Schwarz, A., C. Ramofafia, G. Bennett, D. Notere, A. Tewfik, C. Oengpepa, B. Manele and N. Kere,
2007
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After the Earthquake: an assessment of the impact of the Earthquake and Tsunami on fisheries-related livelihoods in coastal communities of Western Province, Solomon Islands
World Fish Center. Penang, Malaysia. 82pp.
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Ref ID
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A0000003598
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Author
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Schwarz, A., C. Ramofafia, G. Bennett, D. Notere, A. Tewfik, C. Oengpepa, B. Manele and N. Kere
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Year
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2007
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Title
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After the Earthquake: an assessment of the impact of the Earthquake and Tsunami on fisheries-related livelihoods in coastal communities of Western Province, Solomon Islands
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Source
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World Fish Center. Penang, Malaysia. 82pp.
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Keywords
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tsunami, earthquake, extreme events, impact, fisheries, livelihoods, coastal community ,Reef Dependence,Fisheries and Resource Extraction,Livelihoods,Natural System,People & Livelihoods
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Caption
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Abstract
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On 2 April 2007 a large earthquake and tsunami hit the Western Solomon Islands causing varying degrees of damage and disruption to coastal communities. In order to assist with prioritisation of assistance to affected communities, the WorldFish Center and WWF-Solomon Islands (WWF-SI) combined to carry out an immediate assessment of impacts on selected villages within the affected area. This assessment was focussed on immediate damage to and needs of the coastal fisheries, including environment and infrastructure, though the opportunity was taken to assess more general damage and threats to the long term, sustainable recovery of coastal fisheries.
The objectives were to determine:
(1) the extent of damage to habitats important to coastal fisheries;
(2) direct impacts on the ability of the communities to access marine resources;
(3) how best to guide post-tsunami relief for rehabilitation of fisheries, development of
sustainable fishery-based livelihoods and resource management planning;
The objectives were achieved through habitat surveys (up to four sites at each location), group discussions and one-on-one fisher interviews. A total of 29 locations were visited, 12 by WWF-SI and 17 by WorldFish Center. Geographically these locations ranged across a broad range of the affected area, including locations on Simbo, Ranonga, Vella Lavella, Treasury Islands, Shortland Islands, Kolombangara, Gizo and Vona Vona Lagoon; the region within the earthquake zone that was not included was Choiseul, where TNC were to undertake marine-resource related damage assessments. Assessments were carried out between 25 May and 12 June 2007, approximately two months after the event. WWF-SI sites were those where they had previously undertaken underwater surveys; there is no pre-event reef survey data available for the sites WorldFish surveyed.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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12.
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UNEP,
2005
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After the Tsunami: Rapid Environmental Assessment.
United Nations Environment Programme, Nirobi, Kenya. 140 p.
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Ref ID
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23310
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Author
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UNEP
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Year
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2005
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Title
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After the Tsunami: Rapid Environmental Assessment.
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Source
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United Nations Environment Programme, Nirobi, Kenya. 140 p.
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Keywords
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asian tsunami, monitoring, coral reef mangrove livelihood environmental disaster
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Caption
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Abstract
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The earthquake and tsunami of 26 December 2004, and the events that followed, will be remembered
as among the worst human tragedies in history. The loss and devastation caused by this disaster brought
incalculable suffering to millions of people around the Indian Ocean. Their grief is shared around the
world, and their experience is a humbling reminder that we are all vulnerable to the powerful forces of
the natural world that sustains us. From Banda Aceh, to the tourist resorts of south Thailand, to the
fishing villages of Sri Lanka, and onward to the coasts of Africa, communities were overwhelmed by the
damage and loss. If counted in sheer numbers, the challenge of recovering from the earthquake and tsunami appears
nearly insurmountable. Approximately 250,000 lives have been lost. Millions of people have been
displaced and are struggling to restore their homes and regain their livelihoods. The UN Humanitarian
Flash appeal estimated immediate needs at $1 billion, but the overall damage is thought to exceed $10
billion.
A snapshot of the region, however, shows a more complex and more hopeful picture. In the weeks since
26 December, the people and the governments of the impacted countries have demonstrated remarkable
resilience and determination. Their efforts to alleviate the suffering of affected communities and to put
their countries on the road to recovery have been heartening. Even in areas affected by decades-long
conflicts, positive signs of cooperation could be observed. At the same time, there has been a remarkable
outpouring of concern and assistance from the world community. Together, these efforts have begun to
replace despair with a sense of possibility. So far, international public and private pledges of assistance
total more than $4 billion.
In response to requests from tsunami-impacted governments, the United Nations system, under the
leadership of Secretary-General Kofi Annan and the Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs,
Jan Egeland, has swiftly mobilized emergency humanitarian assistance. Housing, health care, education,
transportation, water and sanitation services have all been rapidly deployed to the region. In all of these
efforts, the UN has worked side by side with scores of public and private international relief agencies to
address the urgent daily needs of the tsunami victims.
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has played a vital role in this process. The tsunami
was an unprecedented natural disaster with enormous consequences for the region’s environment. In
the immediate aftermath of the tsunami, on 28 December, UNEP Executive Director Klaus Toepfer
created the Asian Tsunami Disaster Task Force, which was charged with responsibility for assisting
governments to assess and respond to the environmental impacts of the tsunami.
In response to requests from governments, UNEP immediately deployed experts to Indonesia, Sri Lanka,
Thailand and the Maldives, and later to the Seychelles and Yemen. These teams have remained in the
region to conduct and facilitate rapid assessments and help coordinate environmental recovery
programmes in partnership with national authorities, UN colleagues and the international community.
No government could have been prepared for the events of 26 December 2004. Overburdened
environment ministries now have to cope with innumerable urgent tasks. UNEP is supporting
government efforts in every way possible: conducting spot assessments of urgent issues; providing specific
technical advice; training national counterparts; and identifying priority concerns for international
attention.
Working together with governments and other partners, UNEP included a number of priority
environmental concerns in the UN Humanitarian Flash Appeal, and has contributed environmental
inputs to a number of short-term assessments. At the same time, UNEP has begun preparations for
more thorough cross-sectoral assessments of the tsunami’s impacts on the environment in the region.
UNEP’s goal in all of this work is to extract meaningful lessons from the tsunami experience so that
governments, donors and international agencies will be able to implement environmentally sound
reconstruction programmes in the affected countries.
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Online Documents
|
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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13.
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Australian Government Mission and the Maldives Marine Research Centre,
2005
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An Assessment of Damage to Maldivian Coral Reefs and Baitfish Populations from the Indian Ocean Tsunami.
Australian Government and Government of the Republic of The Maldives. 68 p.
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Ref ID
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24023
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Author
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Australian Government Mission and the Maldives Marine Research Centre
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Year
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2005
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Title
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An Assessment of Damage to Maldivian Coral Reefs and Baitfish Populations from the Indian Ocean Tsunami.
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Source
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Australian Government and Government of the Republic of The Maldives. 68 p.
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Keywords
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maldives tsunami monitoring
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Caption
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Abstract
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An assessment of the geomorphology of reef flats, shorelines and islands of 19 inhabited and uninhabited islands of Laamu and Thaa Atoll was undertaken. The tsunami approached islands from the outside of the atoll, including on the western side. Despite significant damage to buildings, the tsunami had less impact on the reef flats, islands and beaches than was expected:
* Reef flats on the outside of atolls were minimally impacted.
* Beaches exposed to the tsunami experienced limited erosion, and some toppling of vegetation that may increase the likelihood of further seasonal erosion.
* The ends of islands suffered more extensive erosion.
* The island surface and soil structures of the islands remained relatively intact, and there were no major accumulations of reef sand or shingle.
* On the beaches on the lagoon side of the atolls, scour pit formation caused significant erosion and deposition of sediment on the adjacent reef flats, except on islands where the water did flow right across the island.
* One case of an island breaching was documented. The importance of shoreline vegetation for erosion prevention was significant in all environments.
Much of the building damage was caused by scour under and around structures, and by physical damage by debris. On coral walls without rendering, water entering cracks led to rapid collapse of walls. Increased groundwater pressures probably caused some lifting of solid floors. Huraa on North Malé Atoll was visited where one area of collapse of the ground was probably assisted by the tsunami, but a cavity or area of loose sand beneath a cemented layer, which led to the collapse, is not unusual.
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Online Documents
|
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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15.
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Phongpaichit, S., S. Preedanan, N. Rungjindama, J. Sakayaroj, C. Benzies, J. Chuaypat and S. Plathong,
2006
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Aspergillosis of the gorgonian sea fan Annella sp. after the 2004 tsunami at Mu Ko Similan National Park, Andaman Sea, Thailand.
Coral Reefs Volume 25, Number 2: 296
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Ref ID
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25443
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Author
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Phongpaichit, S., S. Preedanan, N. Rungjindama, J. Sakayaroj, C. Benzies, J. Chuaypat and S. Plathong
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Year
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2006
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Title
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Aspergillosis of the gorgonian sea fan Annella sp. after the 2004 tsunami at Mu Ko Similan National Park, Andaman Sea, Thailand.
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Source
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Coral Reefs Volume 25, Number 2: 296
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Keywords
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coral disease
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Caption
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Abstract
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Online Documents
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No online document
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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16.
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Ramohia,P.C.,J.Kereseka and C. Siota,
2007
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Assessing possible coral reef damage in the Arnavon Community Managed Conservation Area (ACMCA) as result of the April 2, 2007 Earthquake and Tsunami
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Ref ID
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A0000003680
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Author
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Ramohia,P.C.,J.Kereseka and C. Siota
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Year
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2007
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Title
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Assessing possible coral reef damage in the Arnavon Community Managed Conservation Area (ACMCA) as result of the April 2, 2007 Earthquake and Tsunami
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Source
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Keywords
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Arnavon Community Managed Conservation(ACMCA), Tsunami, earthquake,Natural System,External Threats & Opportunities,The Nature Conservancy (TNC) -,Arnavon Islands Marine Conserv
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Caption
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Abstract
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A deadly tsunami hit the Western and Choiseul provinces on the 2nd April 2007 following an earthquake measuring 8.1 on the Ritcher scale. Other parts of the pacific, including Australia and Papua New Guinea, also received Tsunami warnings. The tsunami caused a lot of damage to properties and loss of lives in the two provinces. A number of communities The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is working in partnership with in Choiseul province have been badly affected.
Between April 10 – 13, Willie Atu (Program Manager, Solomon Islands Program) and Paul Lokani (Director, Malanesian Program) visited Choiseul to (a) conduct a quick assessment of the extent of damage to the TNC project sites of Arnavon Islands, Zinoa and Parama and (b) to evaluate the extent of damage to partner communities so as to determine what TNC can do to help. Based on this assessment trip, it was recommended that a more intense assessment be undertaken in the ACMCA to see if any damage was done to corals.
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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17.
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Wetlands International,
2005
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Assessment field protocol for rapid wetland and coastal assessment – a guide for staff.
Wetlands International online document
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Ref ID
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23303
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Author
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Wetlands International
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Year
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2005
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Title
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Assessment field protocol for rapid wetland and coastal assessment – a guide for staff.
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Source
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Wetlands International online document
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Keywords
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monitoring post tsunami mangrove coral reef livelihood
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Caption
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Abstract
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Wetlands International aims, through a coastal transect approach, to rapidly assess the status of tsunami affected coastal regions and is asking two key questions:
1. Did certain types of wetlands, (including mangrove and coral, tidal flats, and saltmarshes) measurably reduce the damaging effects of the tsunami on people and infrastructure?
2. How can wetland functions and ecological restoration help to recover lost livelihoods?
The purpose of rapid assessment is to learn lessons, to target fuller inventory and to generate information about the value and function of wetlands that will be useful for:
· Local government planners developing zonation plans for reconstruction
· Local people and development agencies that are providing aid for reconstruction
· Conservation partners that need wetlands expertise to help their work
· Central government, to guide development of regional restoration policy for agriculture, fisheries, forestry
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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20.
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Allen, D.,
2005
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Assessment of Tsunami Impact on Coral Reefs in Pulau Payar Marine Park, Kedah, Malaysia.
Coral Cay Conservation Ltd, unpublished report. 5p.
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Ref ID
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23286
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Author
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Allen, D.
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Year
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2005
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Title
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Assessment of Tsunami Impact on Coral Reefs in Pulau Payar Marine Park, Kedah, Malaysia.
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Source
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Coral Cay Conservation Ltd, unpublished report. 5p.
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Keywords
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tsunami effect, Andaman sea CCC Payar Tsunami
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Caption
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Abstract
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The Pulau Payar Marine Park islands are within the geographical area that was impacted by the Tsunami of 26 December 2004. Coral Cay Conservation was in the Marine Park at this time undertaking conservation research with the Department of Marine Parks. While no specific surveys were undertaken to assess the impact of the tsunami, observations were made at a number of sites to assess any impact that could be attributed to the event. These observations were made during the course of the existing survey plan and made use of experience gained diving in the area over the previous months. No impacts that could be specifically attributed to the tsunami were observed.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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21.
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Obura, D. and A. Abdulla,
2005
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Assessment of Tsunami Impacts on the Marine Environment of the Seychelles
CORDIO online document
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Ref ID
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24244
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Author
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Obura, D. and A. Abdulla
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Year
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2005
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Title
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Assessment of Tsunami Impacts on the Marine Environment of the Seychelles
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Source
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CORDIO online document
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Keywords
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Indian ocean tsunami CORDIO
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Caption
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Abstract
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Two major patterns in coral reef damage were noted, controlled by the geographic location of each island and exposure direction of each site, and reef substrate. The northern islands clustered around Praslin (including Curieuse, La Digue, Felicite and the rocks of Isle Coco and St. Pierre) showed very high levels of damage (approaching 100%) on carbonate reef substrates. By contrast, sites around Mahe showed much lower levels of impact, generally below 10%. The limited damage on Mahe is due to the shelter provided by the outer northern islands and dissipation of wave energy as the tsunami traveled over the greater distance of shallow water from the outer edge of the banks to Mahe.
Granitic reefs suffered less damage than reefs with a calcium carbonate substrate. Granitic surfaces were either immovable as they form the bedrock of the islands, or in the case of boulders and rocks, were too dense and of a compact shape to be displaced by the force of the tsunami. Even on carbonate rock surfaces that were consolidated and firm, attached corals showed little breakage and mechanical damage or overturning. However the majority of true coral reef sites in the granitic islands have a reef framework that is loosely consolidated due to mortality during the 1998 El Ni–o and subsequent bioerosion. This reef matrix was not robust enough to resist the tsunami waves, either from direct impact of the force of water, or movement of rubble and rocks. In these areas significant reef rubble was moved by the wave and consequently associated live coral colonies were also displaced and damaged.
Thus these preliminary assessments suggest that extensive damage was done by the tsunami to all coral reefs in northern and eastern island groups that have carbonate frameworks. It might be that this is also the case for outer atolls and islands, and surveys should be prioritized to the eastern islands closest to the tsunami origin, and not protected by the shallow waters of the Seychelles bank. Little direct damage from the tsunami is expected for all coral reef habitats in the central, south and western parts of the granitic islands, and all outer islands sheltered by the Mascarene plateau and Seychelles bank (e.g. the Amirantes, Aldabra and others). In these areas, some damage is possible for shallow corals on carbonate substrates, but little damage is expected for all deeper habitats and all sites with granitic substrate.
Comparing these two patterns numerically, these surveys documented > 50% of substrate damage and >25% of direct damage to corals in northern and eastern-facing carbonate framework sites), <10% damage in shallow carbonate substrate sites in central, western and southern locations, and < 1% damage on all granitic substrate sites. Given the importance of coral reefs to the economy, society and infrastructure of the Seychelles (all the damaged northern sites are prime tourist locations for the country, the most highly damaged terrestrial locations are adjacent to degraded reef areas) this provides a strong threat to the country and requires action for mitigation.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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22.
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Obura, D. and A. Abdulla,
2005
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Assessment of Tsunami Impacts on the Marine Environment of the Seychelles.
IUCN/UNEP. 21 p.
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Ref ID
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23394
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Author
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Obura, D. and A. Abdulla
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Year
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2005
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Title
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Assessment of Tsunami Impacts on the Marine Environment of the Seychelles.
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Source
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IUCN/UNEP. 21 p.
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Keywords
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tsunami Seychelles
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Caption
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Abstract
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Two major patterns in coral reef damage were noted, controlled by the geographic location of
each island and exposure direction of each site, and reef substrate. The northern islands
clustered around Praslin (including Curieuse, La Digue, Felicite and the rocks of Isle Coco
and St. Pierre) showed very high levels of damage (approaching 100%) on carbonate reef
substrates. By contrast, sites around Mahe showed much lower levels of impact, generally
below 10%. The limited damage on Mahe is due to the shelter provided by the outer northern
islands and dissipation of wave energy as the tsunami traveled over the greater distance of
shallow water from the outer edge of the banks to Mahe.
Granitic reefs suffered less damage than reefs with a calcium carbonate substrate. Granitic
surfaces were either immovable as they form the bedrock of the islands, or in the case of
boulders and rocks, were too dense and of a compact shape to be displaced by the force of the
tsunami. Even on carbonate rock surfaces that were consolidated and firm, attached corals
showed little breakage and mechanical damage or overturning. However the majority of true
coral reef sites in the granitic islands have a reef framework that is loosely consolidated due to
mortality during the 1998 El Niño and subsequent bioerosion. This reef matrix was not robust
enough to resist the tsunami waves, either from direct impact of the force of water, or
movement of rubble and rocks. In these areas significant reef rubble was moved by the wave
and consequently associated live coral colonies were also displaced and damaged.
Thus these preliminary assessments suggest that extensive damage was done by the tsunami
to all coral reefs in northern and eastern island groups that have carbonate frameworks. It
might be that this is also the case for outer atolls and islands, and surveys should be
prioritized to the eastern islands closest to the tsunami origin, and not protected by the
shallow waters of the Seychelles bank. Little direct damage from the tsunami is expected for
all coral reef habitats in the central, south and western parts of the granitic islands, and all
outer islands sheltered by the Mascarene plateau and Seychelles bank (e.g. the Amirantes,
Aldabra and others). In these areas, some damage is possible for shallow corals on carbonate
substrates, but little damage is expected for all deeper habitats and all sites with granitic
substrate.
Comparing these two patterns numerically, these surveys documented > 50% of substrate
damage and >25% of direct damage to corals in northern and eastern-facing carbonate
framework sites), <10% damage in shallow carbonate substrate sites in central, western and
southern locations, and < 1% damage on all granitic substrate sites. Given the importance of
coral reefs to the economy, society and infrastructure of the Seychelles (all the damaged
northern sites are prime tourist locations for the country, the most highly damaged terrestrial
locations are adjacent to degraded reef areas) this provides a strong threat to the country and
requires action for mitigation.
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Online Documents
|
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
|
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23.
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Andréfouët, S. and D. Torres-Pulliza,
2004
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Atlas récifs coralliens de Nouvelle-Calédonie
IRD Nouméa / IFRECOR Nouvelle-. 55.
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Ref ID
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A0000003854
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Author
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Andréfouët, S. and D. Torres-Pulliza
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Year
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2004
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Title
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Atlas récifs coralliens de Nouvelle-Calédonie
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Source
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IRD Nouméa / IFRECOR Nouvelle-. 55.
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Keywords
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Atlas, récifs coralliens, Millennium Coral Reef Mapping, cartographie, images satellitaires, Landsat, topographie, géomorphologie,Natural System,Institut de Recherche pour le
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Caption
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Abstract
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La réalisation de cet atlas fait partie intégrante du projet “Millennium Coral Reef Mapping” mis en place en 2001 à l’Institute for Marine Remote Sensing de l’University of South Florida (IMaRS/USF) aux Etats- Unis. Ce projet financé par la National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Oceanography Program, vise à caractériser et cartographier la totalité des récifs de la planète à partir d’un jeu de données et de méthodes homogènes (images satellitaires de type Landsat, à 30 mètres de résolution) suivant un schéma de classification géographiquement invariant et robuste. La même équipe traite l’ensemble des 1500 images collectées pour cet objectif, ce qui est un garant de l’homogénéité des produits. Cette équipe est répartie entre le centre de Nouméa de l’Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), IMaRS/USF à Saint Petersburg en Floride, et le NASA Johnson Space Center a Houston au Texas. Une description plus complète du projet est disponible sur http://imars.marine.usf.edu/corals/index.html. Ce site explique la philosophie du projet, mentionne les nombreux collaborateurs mondiaux, les programmes de recherche en amont et en aval, et enfin offre la possibilité de consulter la base de données images.
L’inventaire et la cartographie des récifs français est une des priorités affichées par l’Initiative
Française pour les Récifs Coralliens (IFRECOR). L’IFRECOR est une action nationale en faveur des récifs coralliens des collectivités de l’Outre-mer, engagée en mars 1999 sur décision du Premier Ministre. Elle est portée par les ministères chargés des secteurs de l’environnement et de l’outre-mer. Le comité local Néo- Calédonien de l’IFRECOR a donc lancé en 2001 une étude pour réaliser une cartographie sur l’ensemble des récifs calédoniens, sans toutefois donner de directives précises sur le schéma de classification à suivre (c’est-à –dire les classes de récifs ou type de fonds à faire figurer sur les cartes) qui restait à définir ou sur l’utilisation qui serait faite de cette cartographie. Compte tenu de l’effort en cours à USF et des thèmes convergents, IFRECOR a suivi les spécifications de ce programme scientifique et a soutenu cette initiative par l’achat complémentaire d’images Landsat 7 ETM+. Ensuite, les auteurs de cet Atlas se sont assurés au fil du temps (2002-2003) de la compatibilité du produit Nouvelle-Calédonie avec les autres produits mondiaux pour lesquels un schéma de classification a été définitivement mis au point fin 2003. L’insertion de la Nouvelle-Calédonie dans un référentiel global permettra à moyen terme des comparaisons objectives entre les différents pays de la région Indo-Pacifique et Pacifique.
Sans vouloir retracer un historique complet de l’utilisation de la télédetection pour l’étude et la cartographie des récifs, disponible dans des articles de revues scientifiques spécialisées, on notera que le produit présenté ici est original en raison de l’échelle de travail considérée (Green et al. 1996, Andrefouët et al. 2003, Hochberg et al. 2003, Andréfouët and Riegl 2004). Généralement, la plupart des études se limitent à quelques sites localisés, et à l’utilisation de guère plus d’une image. Ici, l’originalité et la difficulté du travail consistent en l’étendue du domaine et le nombre d’images à considérer. Ces contraintes empêchent d’appliquer les approches traditionnelles de cartographie des habitats décrites dans différents articles et manuels (e.g. Green et al. 2000).
En effet, ces techniques sont généralement de type “sensor-down” (Hochberg et al. 2003), c’est-à-dire basées sur une connaissance de la zone et un calage des produits qui requiert un important et coûteux travail de terrain. Ce travail de terrain est incompatible avec l’échéance du projet Millenium (mi-2004), l’étendue et la complexité de la zone à traiter (la Planète), et le budget alloué.
La construction d’un schéma de classification, et donc d’une typologie de structures récifales, n’est pas un exercice aisé, surtout à l’échelle globale. La typologie doit répondre à un besoin, donner solution à un problème donné. La première étape nécessaire à la réalisation d’une cartographie globale consiste donc à établir un schéma de classification qui soit suffisamment riche pour permettre de nombreuses applications en écologie, biodiversité, géologie, hydrologie, biogéochimie et gestion du milieu, mais également qui puissent s’affranchir de données de terrain pour être validée, l’image elle-même étant souvent la seule information disponible.
L’information extraite à partir des images Landsat doit pouvoir l’être de manière robuste, dans un temps raisonnable avec un taux d’erreur minimal. Ces contraintes impliquent que la cartographie doit être réalisée à l’échelle géomorphologique.
Les produits Millenium et le schéma de classification décrits au chapitre suivant ont été conçus pour aborder les six thèmes suivants:
1. Evaluation de la surface des récifs modernes
2. Productivité des récifs (thématique générale du cycle du carbone)
3. Influence des facteurs climatiques et hydrologiques sur la croissance récifale (thématique du changement climatique global)
4. Influence de la topographie pré-Holocène et des variations des niveaux marins sur la structure des récifs
5. Influence de la structure géomorphologique des récifs sur la biodiversité aux échelles biogéographiques
6. Influence de la structure géomorphologique des récifs sur le fonctionnement des lagons
Cet Atlas remplit pour la Nouvelle-Calédonie l’objectif numéro 1.
Les produits Millenium ne sont pas destinés à être utilisés pour étudier les changements intervenant sur le récif. En effet, des changements de structures géomorphologiques sont contraints par des processus généralement à des échelles de temps considérables (hormis tsunamis ou cyclones) et donc il serait inutile de refaire périodiquement le même produit dans l’espoir de réaliser un suivi du milieu. En revanche, la cartographie proposée peut servir à définir les zones qui mériteraient soit un suivi in situ, soit des produits cartographiques à des échelles spatiale et thématique différentes (habitats), et donc des acquisitions d’images à très hautes résolutions.
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Online Documents
|
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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24.
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Andréfouët, S., C. Chauvin, C. Kranenburg, F. Muller-Karger and M. Noordeloos,
2006
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Atlas récifs coralliens du Sud –Est de la Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinée
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Ref ID
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A0000003489
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Author
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Andréfouët, S., C. Chauvin, C. Kranenburg, F. Muller-Karger and M. Noordeloos
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Year
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2006
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Title
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Atlas récifs coralliens du Sud –Est de la Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinée
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Source
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Keywords
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Atlas, récifs coralliens, projet Millennium, cartographie, classification géographique, Southeast Papua New Guinea Coral Reefs,Natural System,CRISP (Coral Reef Initiative S
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Caption
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Abstract
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Cet atlas financé par le projet Coral Reef Initiative for the South Pacific (CRISP) est également une réalisation issue du projet Millennium Coral Reef Mapping mis en place en 2001 à l’Institute for Marine Remote Sensing de University of South Florida (IMaRS/USF) aux Etats-Unis. Ce projet financé par la National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Oceanography Program, vise à caractériser et à cartographier la totalité des récifs de la planète à partir d’un jeu de données et de méthodes homogènes (images satellitaires de type Landsat, à 30 mètres de résolution) suivant un schéma de classification géographiquement invariant et robuste. La même équipe traite l’ensemble des ~1700 images collectées pour cet objectif, ce qui est un garant de l’homogénéité des produits. Cette équipe est répartie entre le centre de Nouméa (Nouvelle- Calédonie) de l’Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), et IMaRS/USF à Saint Petersburg en Floride. Une description plus complète du projet est disponible sur http://imars.marine.usf.edu/corals/index.html. Ce site explique la philosophie du projet, mentionne les nombreux collaborateurs mondiaux, les programmes de recherche en amont et en aval, offre la possibilité de consulter la base d’images et enfin permet le téléchargement de ces images. La conception du projet ainsi que les premières applications, notamment en conservation et inventaire des récifs, sont décrites dans Andréfouët et al. (2005).
Les produits Millennium ne sont pas destinés à être utilisés pour étudier les changements intervenant sur le récif. En effet, des changements de structures géomorphologiques sont contraints par des processus à des échelles de temps considérables (hormis tsunamis ou cyclones) et donc il serait inutile de refaire périodiquement le même produit dans l’espoir de réaliser un suivi du milieu. En revanche, la cartographie proposée peut servir à définir les zones qui mériteraient soit un suivi in situ, soit des produits cartographiques à des échelles spatiales et thématiques différentes (habitats), et donc des acquisitions d’images à très haute résolution.
Les produits Millennium et le schéma de classification décrits au chapitre suivant ont été conçus pour aborder les huit thèmes suivants:
1 Evaluation de la surface des récifs modernes
2 Productivité des récifs (thématique générale du cycle du carbone)
3 Influence des facteurs climatiques et hydrologiques sur la croissance récifale (thématique du changement climatique global)
4 Influence de la topographie pré-Holocène et des variations des niveaux marins sur la structure des récifs
5 Influence de la structure géomorphologique des récifs sur la biodiversité aux échelles biogéographiques
6 Influence de la structure géomorphologique des récifs sur le fonctionnement des lagons
7 Pêcheries récifales
8 Conservation de la biodiversité
Pour la Papouasie Nouvelle Guinée (PNG) cet atlas remplit avant tout l’objectif numéro 1 pour la zone s’étendant de 149ºE-8.15ºS au Nord-Ouest jusqu’à 154.25ºE-11.50ºS au Sud-Est.
Il s’agit de la zone la plus complexe de PNG en termes de structures récifales. Elle comprend Milne Bay qui est activement étudiée et l’enjeu de programmes de conservation multiples. Le projet CRISP a financé la mise en forme de produits existants Millennium pour la réalisation de cet atlas. Celui-ci permet la diffusion d’une meilleure information concernant la localisation et l’étendue des récifs afin d’aider et optimiser des projets conduits localement.
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Online Documents
|
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
|
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| |