Search for coral reef related articles, reports and other publications. This library includes the publications from International Coral Reef Symposium (ICRS) Proceedings, Coral Reefs Status Report, Reef Fisheries Portal and International Tropical Marine Ecosystems Management Symposium (ITMEMS) Symposium Papers. Please specify your search criteria, and indicate how many results are to be displayed.
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1. coral and reefs
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Search Result: 181 records
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1.
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Tun, K., L. M. Chou, A. Cabanban, T. Yeemin, PhilReefs, V. S. Tuan, K. Sour, Suharsono and D. Lane,
2004
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GCRMN Coral Reef Status Report for 2004: Southeast Asia.
Poster Presented at the 10th ICRS in Okinawa, Japan. 28 June to 2nd July 2004.
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Ref ID
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21767
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Author
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Tun, K., L. M. Chou, A. Cabanban, T. Yeemin, PhilReefs, V. S. Tuan, K. Sour, Suharsono and D. Lane
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Year
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2004
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Title
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GCRMN Coral Reef Status Report for 2004: Southeast Asia.
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Source
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Poster Presented at the 10th ICRS in Okinawa, Japan. 28 June to 2nd July 2004.
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Keywords
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2004 GCRMN Coral Reef Status Report
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Caption
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Abstract
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National reef monitoring programmes continued throughout the region and
were maintained at previous levels or expanded. Capacity transfer was
increased to countries or provinces to involve them fully in regional reef status
assessments. Various bilateral and major regional initiatives in recent years
helped to enhance monitoring and management capacity. These include the
ICRAN project, which focuses on the transfer of reef management capacity
from successful demonstration sites to target sites in need of such capacity in
the region. The region’s coral reefs continue to face widespread impacts from
human activities and are clearly in need of greater management. Monitoring
data indicate significant improvements in the condition of reefs under effective
management by government agencies or communities. Public education,
awareness raising and community involvement remain important activities that
contribute positively to reef protection.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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2.
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Yeemin, T.,
2004
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Gulf of Thailandand the Andaman Sea.
Poster Presented at the 10th ICRS in Okinawa, Japan. 28 June to 2nd July 2004.
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Ref ID
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21771
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Author
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Yeemin, T.
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Year
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2004
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Title
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Gulf of Thailandand the Andaman Sea.
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Source
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Poster Presented at the 10th ICRS in Okinawa, Japan. 28 June to 2nd July 2004.
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Keywords
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2004 GCRMN Coral Reef Status Report
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Caption
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Abstract
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There are an estimated 153 km2 of coral reefs along the total coastline of 2,614
km and around 300 islands in Thai waters. These are classified in 4 distinct
areas with different oceanographic conditions: the inner part of the Gulf of
Thailand; the east coast of the Gulf of Thailand; the west coast of the Gulf of
Thailand; and along the coastline of the Andaman Sea. Three reef types can be
recognized: coral communities with no true reef structure; developing fringing
reefs; and early formation of fringing reefs. Several comprehensive reef survey
programs covering over 400 sites in the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea
were carried out by governmental institutions and private agencies. In general,
most reefs were rated good, fair or poor. Relatively small areas were classified
as excellent or very poor. Monitoring of reef fish was less extensive and
needed more effort in order to provide clear patterns and trends. The first
extensive coral bleaching phenomenon in the Gulf of Thailand occurred in
April-June 1998 and was the major cause of coral reef degradation. The mild
coral bleaching in 2003 was also clearly observed in the Gulf of Thailand and
the Andaman Sea. Adaptation to bleaching of several coral species was evident.
Continued studies on coral recruitment are required to predict recovery
potential. The reefs support a variety of human activities, especially tourism
and fisheries-relates uses. Tourism activities, sedimentation and wastewater
pollution associated with rapid coastal development are recent and increasing
severe problems for the next decade. Marine National Parks will play a major
role for coral reef management and conservation.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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3.
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Ang, Jr, P.O., L. S. Choi, M. M. Choi, A. Cornish, M. W. Lee, D. McCorry, K. Y. So, M. C. Tam and S. Y. Wong,
2004
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Status of Research on Coral Communities in Hong Kong SAR, China.
Poster Presented at the 10th ICRS in Okinawa, Japan. 28 June to 2nd July 2004.
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Ref ID
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21761
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Author
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Ang, Jr, P.O., L. S. Choi, M. M. Choi, A. Cornish, M. W. Lee, D. McCorry, K. Y. So, M. C. Tam and S. Y. Wong
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Year
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2004
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Title
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Status of Research on Coral Communities in Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Source
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Poster Presented at the 10th ICRS in Okinawa, Japan. 28 June to 2nd July 2004.
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Keywords
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2004 GCRMN Coral Reef Status Report
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Caption
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Abstract
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Hong Kong is located in subtropical region near the mouth of the Pearl River in
South China. No major reefs are formed but coral communities are found
mainly in the eastern and northeastern coastal areas. Eighty four species of
Scleractinian corals have recently been identified from Hong Kong waters and a
reference collection has now been set up. Various tertiary institutions have
research topics involving corals or coral communities. Recent on-going
researches include studies on coral predation by corallivorous gastropods,
bleaching, photosynthetic performance of corals as a response to coral algal
interactions, dynamic changes in coral community structures, coral
reproduction and recruitment, and changes in reef fish assemblages after
designation of Tung Ping Chau as a marine park and Cape D’Aguilar as a
marine reserve. Several monitoring programmes are in place. These include
monitoring on corals, fish, and marine flora in Tung Ping Chau and Hoi Ha
Wan Marine Parks and corals in Yan Chau Tung Marine Park. Reefcheck is
also an annual event sponsored by the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation
Department of the Hong Kong SAR Government and participated by more than
20 groups of volunteers. In 2003, Reefcheck covered 30 sites around Hong
Kong. It is providing very useful information on the general health conditions
of coral communities in Hong Kong waters.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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4.
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Chien-Hsun, C., D. Chang-Feng, K. Soong, C. A. Chen, F. Tung-Yung and H. Hsieh,
2004
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The Status of Coral Reefs in Taiwan from 1997 to 2003, Taiwan, ROC.
Poster Presented at the 10th ICRS in Okinawa, Japan. 28 June to 2nd July 2004.
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Ref ID
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21769
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Author
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Chien-Hsun, C., D. Chang-Feng, K. Soong, C. A. Chen, F. Tung-Yung and H. Hsieh
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Year
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2004
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Title
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The Status of Coral Reefs in Taiwan from 1997 to 2003, Taiwan, ROC.
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Source
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Poster Presented at the 10th ICRS in Okinawa, Japan. 28 June to 2nd July 2004.
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Keywords
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2004 GCRMN Coral Reef Status Report
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Caption
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Abstract
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Taiwan is near the northern boundary where coral reefs can no longer form. The
southern tip of the island and many offshore islands have well-developed
fringing reefs. However, corals form patchy communities rather than reefs
along northern and northeastern coasts. Coral reefs in Taiwan are threatened by
typhoons, sedimentation, wastewater pollution, and destructive fishing. To
monitor the changes of coral reefs, we applied the ReefCheck protocol to
survey the reefs at 8 localities from 1997 to 2003. The percentage of hard coral
cover (HCC) among sites showed a wide range of variation and the average
ranged from 22.9 to 36.3% and 25.9 to 32.1% for reef flat and reef slope
respectively. There was no significant difference in HCC among years because
both increasing and decreasing trends were observed. However, more sites at
reef slope showed a trend of HCC increasing and more sites at reef flat showed
the trends of decreasing. This suggests that the reef flat habitat is possibly
suffering more frequent or stronger disturbances. Moreover, 71% of the cases
showing the trend of HCC decreasing were coupled with increasing of other
substrates such as bare rock, dead coral, or algae. The abundances of fish and
invertebrate indicators were at low levels suggesting that most reefs were under
the stress of overfishing. The results of trend analysis indicate that seven-years’
survey is not sufficient to reveal the trend of coral reef change and a long-term
monitoring program of more than 10 years is required. A combination of coral
cover data and growth forms may also provide better resolutions to reveal the
status of coral reefs.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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5.
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Wilkinson, C., D. Souter,
2008
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A bad year for the Caribbean corals
A World of SCIENCE, Vol. 6, No. 2. April – June 2008 (UNESCO). 20p.
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Ref ID
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26456
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Author
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Wilkinson, C., D. Souter
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Year
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2008
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Title
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A bad year for the Caribbean corals
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Source
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A World of SCIENCE, Vol. 6, No. 2. April – June 2008 (UNESCO). 20p.
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Keywords
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bleaching, Caribbean, climate change, status report, GCRMN
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Caption
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The years 1998 and 2005 were the two most damaging years for coral reefs in recorded history. They were also the world’s hottest years since records began in 1880. About 16% of the world’s reefs were lost to coral bleaching in the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific in 1998. Seven years on, unusually warm waters caused even worse coral bleaching, this time in the Caribbean where it was also a record year for hurricanes. Some of these hurricanes nevertheless had a silver lining: although they caused extensive damage, they also helped to save many corals by ‘taking the heat off them.’
(Article page available for download in English, Spanish and French)
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Abstract
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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6.
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Pitt, J.M., S.J. de Putron, S.R. Smith, A. Amat, T.J.T. Murdoch and B.E. Lackhurst,
2004
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A national status for Bermuda's coral reefs.
Poster Presented at the 10th ICRS in Okinawa, Japan. 28 June to 2nd July 2004.
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Ref ID
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22092
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Author
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Pitt, J.M., S.J. de Putron, S.R. Smith, A. Amat, T.J.T. Murdoch and B.E. Lackhurst
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Year
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2004
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Title
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A national status for Bermuda's coral reefs.
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Source
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Poster Presented at the 10th ICRS in Okinawa, Japan. 28 June to 2nd July 2004.
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Keywords
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2004 GCRMN Coral Reef Status Report
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Caption
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Abstract
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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7.
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Harding S.P., C. Lowery, M. Colmer and S.G. Oakley,
2000
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A Preliminary Species Checklist of Reef Fish for the Banggi Channel, Pulau Banggi, Sabah.
Unpublish Report, Pulau Banggi Project for Coral Reef Biodiversity: Greenforce
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Ref ID
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12671
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Author
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Harding S.P., C. Lowery, M. Colmer and S.G. Oakley
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Year
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2000
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Title
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A Preliminary Species Checklist of Reef Fish for the Banggi Channel, Pulau Banggi, Sabah.
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Source
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Unpublish Report, Pulau Banggi Project for Coral Reef Biodiversity: Greenforce
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Keywords
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fish, Sabah, Banggi, checklist, fisheries
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Caption
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A paper presented by Borneo 2000 conference in Kuching
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Abstract
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Reef fish were counted and identified at selected sites in the Banggi Channel according to ReefCheck and GCRMN baseline survey techniques. Teams of Greenforce volunteers who were participating in an expedition in the Banggi Islands of Sabah, East Malaysia were used to carry out the surveys. Volunteers were trained in scuba diving, reef fish identification and surveying techniques. Reef fish were identified to family and also to species where possible. The list presented here is for six sites and two or three depths at each site. Fifteen fish families were targeted whilst other families were also recorded when seen.
Diversity varied between sites and with depth. Two sites, Pinnacle 3 and Red Stick were the most diverse which was attributed to a combination of remaining intact physical complexity, site remoteness and habitat richness. Two fish families, which are generally not targets for fishermen, were the most diverse; damselfish (Pomacentrids) and wrasse (Labrids). The highest diversity of damselfish was recorded in the shallowest surveys above 5 metres. Few species of commercial food fish were recorded. In fact most families had fewer than five different species recorded at each site. All sites showed evidence of destructive fishing practises; broken corals, blasted patches, rubble areas and entangled fishing net fragments, but to varying degrees. It is suggested that the diversity recorded may be related to a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors. The amount of damage caused by destructive and non destructive fishing practises is a crucial factor in the resulting biodiversity of reef fish.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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8.
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Clua, E.,
2006
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A specific approach for coral reef conservation and development in SIDS (small island developing states): the CRISP programme
Dec. 8, 2008; 11.30am.
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Ref ID
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A0000004839
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Author
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Clua, E.
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Year
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2006
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Title
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A specific approach for coral reef conservation and development in SIDS (small island developing states): the CRISP programme
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Source
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Dec. 8, 2008; 11.30am.
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Keywords
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CRISP, coral reef conservation, Marine Protected Area, marine reserves implementation, integrated coastal management, aquarium trade, ecotourism, marine active substances,Natural System,People & Livelihoods,Institutions & Governance,External Threats & Opportunities,CRISP Coral Reef InitiativeS o
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Caption
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Abstract
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A major proportion of coral reefs around the world occur in developing countries. The status of these resources is declining, while these countries simultaneously face major challenges in sustainable development for their people. Reef conservation in SIDS cannot be approached in the same way as conservation in more developed countries, such as Australia or French territories, even though the tools such as Marine Protected Areas (MPA) may be effective for both situations. One of the main differences relies on the widespread inability of government services within SIDS to ensure adherence to legal frameworks aimed at protecting the reef resources from irreversible depletion. The Government of France has invited a wide range of other agencies (South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Conservation International, WWF, United Nations Foundation and several scientific agencies) to join in developing a programme to address the root causes of coral reef degradation in South Pacific countries. This US$10 million project over 3 years will address a series of issues indicated by Pacific countries, with an emphasis on MPA implementation, integrated coastal management, development of coral reef resources (aquarium trade, ecotourism, marine active substances), rehabilitation of coral reef ecosystems and setting up of a regional reef database. A particular focus will be put on the integration of human factors (anthropology, socio-economics) for insuring the success of the actions developed on the ground, but also in the wide dissemination of the project outputs at a regional level. The integrated approach will rely on the dual involvement of land and marine issues, protection and development issues, community based and highest institutional level issues, existing tools (such as MPAs) and innovative ones (such as environmental information systems EIS, including human and cultural factors).
The project will be focussed in Fiji, Vanuatu, Samoa, Cook Islands, Kiribati, French Polynesia, Wallis and Futuna and New Caledonia with the active involvement of other Pacific countries (Papua New Guinea, Niue, Tuvalu). The concepts behind CRISP draw on the recommendations of the International Coral Reef Initiative and partners, ICRAN (International Coral Reef Action Network) and GCRMN (Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network) and specifically seek to find Pacific solutions to regional problems.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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13.
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Salvat, B. et Y. Chancerelle,
1999
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Biodiversité et surveillance récifs coralliens en Polynésie française. Réseau de surveillance des peuplements coralliens sur les pentes externes des îles de Polynésie française
Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etud. 49pp.
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Ref ID
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A0000004137
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Author
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Salvat, B. et Y. Chancerelle
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Year
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1999
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Title
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Biodiversité et surveillance récifs coralliens en Polynésie française. Réseau de surveillance des peuplements coralliens sur les pentes externes des îles de Polynésie française
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Source
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Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etud. 49pp.
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Keywords
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Biodiversité, surveillance, récifs coralliens, peuplements, pentes externes, écosystème, ressources, perturbations, diversité,Natural System,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etud
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Caption
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Abstract
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L’étude « Biodiversité et surveillance » s’intéressera à la partie la plus vitale de l’écosystème corallien aussi bien pour le maintien de l’écosystème lui-même que ; pour la disponibilité des ressources, les pentes externes des récifs, entourant les îles océaniques (îles hautes ou atolls) de Polynésie française.
On doit souligner l’importance des récifs et de leurs ressources pour les populations polynésiennes au plan culturel, traditionnel, social et économique. Les conséquences des dégradations et des pollutions des récifs coralliens pour les populations humaines sont de plus en plus préoccupantes, surtout dans le cadre d’économie de subsistance ou lorsque le tourisme constitue un élément majeur du développement insulaire.
Objectifs :
-Etablir la biodiversité (richesse de la faune et de la flore des peuplements benthique et des poissons) des pentes externes d’une quinzaine d’îles sur les 120 que constitue la Polynésie française. Ces îles sont réparties dans les quatre archipels s’étendant sur les 2,5 millions de km² et la variation de cette biodiversité sera établie en fonction de la latitude et de la longitude 130 et 155 degrés de longitude ouest et 15h23 de latitude sud.
-Surveillance de ces peuplements dans ces mêmes îles dont certaines ont déjà été prospectées les années passées dans le cadre du Réseau Mondial de Surveillance des Récifs Coralliens (GCRMN) sous l’égide de l’Initiative Internationale pour les Récifs Coralliens (ICRI).
-La surveillance est prévue sur le long terme. Elle permettra de détecter, non seulement les effets des perturbations accidentelles, mais aussi celles pouvant résulter des changements climatiques globaux.
-Les résultats de cette surveillance du recouvrement corallien et de la diversité avec leurs changements d’années en années sur toutes les îles, seront intégrés au Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network de l’Initiative Internationale sur les Récifs Coralliens.
Résultats attendus :
-Rapport sur l’évolution, d’année en année, du peuplement corallien et leur diversité à la suite des perturbations anthropiques et naturelles (cyclones, élévation de température, blanchissement, El nino, explosion démographique de prédateurs, etc…).
-Liste des espèces et carte synthétique de biodiversité des peuplements coralliens sur les îles sélectionnées du Réseau de Surveillance en Polynésie française, s’étirant entre 130 et 155 degrés de longitude ouest et 15 à 23 de latitude sud.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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14.
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Alcala, A.C.,
2000
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Blast Fishing In The Philippines, With Notes On Two Destructive Fishing Activities.
In: Licuanan, W.Y. and E.D. Gomez (2000). Philippine Coral Reefs, Reef Fishes, and Associated Fisheries: Status and Recommendations to Improve Their Management. GCRMN Report. Appendix D.
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Ref ID
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11288
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Author
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Alcala, A.C.
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Year
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2000
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Title
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Blast Fishing In The Philippines, With Notes On Two Destructive Fishing Activities.
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Source
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In: Licuanan, W.Y. and E.D. Gomez (2000). Philippine Coral Reefs, Reef Fishes, and Associated Fisheries: Status and Recommendations to Improve Their Management. GCRMN Report. Appendix D.
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Keywords
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BLAST FISHING; DESTRUCTIVE FISHING; CORAL REEF; REEF FISHES; GCRMN
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Caption
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Abstract
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There is evidence that the incidence of blast fishing has declined or practically ceased in some areas of the country. However, some areas, notably the Palawan group of islands, the Sulu Archipelago and western Mindanao, seem to be still subject to considerable blast fishing. The reasons for the generally decreasing trend in the incidence of blast fishing are the increased awareness of people as a result of educational campaigns against destructive fishing activities, the vigorous implementation of fishery laws by some local government units and, more importantly, the depletion in coastal areas of schooling fish, which are the primary targets of blast fishermen. In some cases, this has resulted in the movement of blast fishers to fish-rich reefs in the Palawan and the South China Sea areas.
Empirical and simulation studies on long term recovery of hard corals indicate slow recovery on blasted reefs that are continually fished. One such simulation study indicated that reduction by 30% of the current level of destructive fishing activities would allow slow recovery of both corals and biodiversity. The density of large predatory fish did not change in one fished reef even in the absence of blast fishing and other destructive fishing practices, but density and biomass in two protected reefs showed increase with years of protection over the period of study (9-11 yr). The patterns of coral and fish recovery on blasted reefs which are later fished with traditional nondestructive gear or which are converted to marine reserves need more studies. Fish larval recruitment in such blasted reefs should be part of these studies. An economic analysis of blast fishing indicates that while individual fishers derive handsome economic benefits from blast fishing, the net loss to society after 20 years was substantial, a good reason to eliminate blast fishing on coral reefs.
Two other fishing activities--spear fishing with SCUBA or "hookah" compressor and drift net fishing-- may deplete marine resources. Spear fishing should be banned if further studies confirm its destructive effects. Drift net fishing should be controlled to minimize its potential negative impact on fish and marine mammals. The development of alternative fishing activities or sources of income (e.g. mariculture, tourism) to which spear fishers, drift net operators, and blast fishers can shift their fishing operations is highly desirable.
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Online Documents
|
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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15.
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Sour, K.,
2004
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Cambodia: Coral Reefs in One of the Poorest Developing Countries.
Poster Presented at the 10th ICRS in Okinawa, Japan. 28 June to 2nd July 2004.
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Ref ID
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21758
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Author
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Sour, K.
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Year
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2004
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Title
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Cambodia: Coral Reefs in One of the Poorest Developing Countries.
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Source
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Poster Presented at the 10th ICRS in Okinawa, Japan. 28 June to 2nd July 2004.
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Keywords
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2004 GCRMN Coral Reef Status Report
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Caption
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Abstract
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Not much is known about Cambodia’s coral reefs because of a lack of research
capacity. Coral reef sites have not been completely identified although they are
distributed in various localities, generally associated with offshore islands and
rocky beds. Diversity studies to date indicate 111 hard coral species, 6 soft
coral species and 9 species of seafans and seawhips. Recent surveys of coral
reefs in the Koh Sdach islands showed live coral cover ranging from 4 to 72%
with the poorer reefs showing signs of bleaching impact. The reefs are exposed
to anthropogenic pressures including coastal development, coral collecting and
destructive fishing. There is a general lack of public awareness on the
significance of coral reefs. Additionally, the absence of policies and laws
relevant to coral reef management, coupled with the lack of enforcement all
point to an urgent need to enhance management and research capacity. In recent
years, this capacity has slowly expanded through the facilitation of bilateral and
regional initiatives.
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17.
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Harding, S., C. Lowery and S. Oakley,
2000
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Comparison between complex and simple reef survey techniques using volunteers: is the effort justified?
In Moosa, M.K., S. Soemodihardjo, A. Soegiarto, K. Romimohtarto, A. Nontji, Soekarno and Suharsono (ed.). Proceedings of the Ninth International Coral Reef Symposium, Bali. 23-27 Oct. 2000. Vol. 2:883-890
|
Ref ID
|
14874
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Author
|
Harding, S., C. Lowery and S. Oakley
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Year
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2000
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Title
|
Comparison between complex and simple reef survey techniques using volunteers: is the effort justified?
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Source
|
In Moosa, M.K., S. Soemodihardjo, A. Soegiarto, K. Romimohtarto, A. Nontji, Soekarno and Suharsono (ed.). Proceedings of the Ninth International Coral Reef Symposium, Bali. 23-27 Oct. 2000. Vol. 2:883-890
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Keywords
|
volunters, validation, coral reef monitoring technique, benthic cover, fish censuses, ICRS9
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Caption
|
Please note that the document may contain typo errors due to the inability of the OCR (Optical Character Recognition) software to recognize and translate scientific terms found in the proceedings.
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Abstract
|
Reef Check and GCRMN survey techniques were compared between the same volunteer divers on
the same reef after different periods of training. Greenforce volunteers with no prior reef surveying
experience were firstly taught to dive and then trained in reef fauna and flora identification and
surveying techniques. After training, volunteers performed surveys using both Reef Check and the
more detailed GCRMN categories. Three weeks later, the volunteers resurveyed the same transect
lines. In addition, transects were surveyed by the on-site science staff. Most Reef Check
categories were identified and counted correctly at all levels of experience. Useful information
could also be collected by volunteers using the more detailed GCRMN benthic codes and fish
survey techniques. Reef fish were easily identified to family and most target species were
identified correctly. Experienced surveyors (staff) recorded a few additional species, but there was
no significant difference between the numbers of target species seen by the two groups after three
weeks. In a trial comparison of line point and line intercept the two techniques gave similar results
for bottom cover estimates even though Reef Check generally records far fewer sampling points
per transect than the GCRMN technique. For data on benthic cover only, Reef Check techniques
were deemed adequate, while the increased effort required for coral morphology may be justified
for more detailed studies.
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18.
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Srinivasan M.,
2000
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Coral Bleaching and Climate Change.
Global Coral Reef Monitoring N. 55-60.
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Ref ID
|
E0000006449
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Author
|
Srinivasan M.
|
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Year
|
2000
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Title
|
Coral Bleaching and Climate Change.
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Source
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Global Coral Reef Monitoring N. 55-60.
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Keywords
|
BLEACHING; CLIMATE CHANGE; GCRMN,Natural System,External Threats & Opportunities,GCRMN (Global Coral Reef Monit
|
|
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Caption
|
Incidences of bleaching in PNG during the last few years have raised some concern among both national and international scientists, as well as local dive operators whose livelihood depend on the continued health of the reefs. Whether or not global trends in coral bleaching are being experienced by PNG coral reefs is unknown, mainly due to the lack of monitoring programs and quantitative studies of coral health in this region. It appears that the 1998 bleaching event was not as severe in PNG as reported in other regions, and bleaching was reported during years in-between El Nino periods. Most reports of coral bleaching are anecdotal, either observations by scientists
involved in studies not related to bleaching, or observations by local dive operators.
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Abstract
|
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19.
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|
Wilkinson, C.,
2002
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Coral Bleaching and Mortality – the 1998 Event 4 Years Later and Bleaching to 2002.
In: C.R. Wilkinson (ed.), Status of coral reefs of the world:2002. GCRMN Report, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville. Chapter 1, pp 33-44
|
Ref ID
|
13890
|
|
|
Author
|
Wilkinson, C.
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|
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Year
|
2002
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|
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Title
|
Coral Bleaching and Mortality – the 1998 Event 4 Years Later and Bleaching to 2002.
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Source
|
In: C.R. Wilkinson (ed.), Status of coral reefs of the world:2002. GCRMN Report, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville. Chapter 1, pp 33-44
|
|
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Keywords
|
monitoring status report management
|
|
|
Caption
|
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Abstract
|
The major coral bleaching and mortality event of late 1997 and 1998 was by far the worst
on record and also the most widespread. Reefs in the 3 Oceans were affected with severe
bleaching stretching from the Arabian/Persian Gulf through the northern and central
Indian Ocean, parts of Southeast Asia and the Great Barrier Reef of Australia, the far west
Pacific, throughout the Caribbean and as far as Brazil in the Atlantic Ocean. By far the
most severe bleaching in mortality terms was on reefs in the Indian Ocean north of
Latitude 10°S; in southeast and east Asia; and around Palau in the West Pacific.
The levels of bleaching and mortality have been reported in the Status of Coral Reefs of
the World reports in 1998 and 2000 and are also summarised in the Chapters following.
The critical point for discussion in this chapter is: has there been coral recovery, and if so
by how much; and if not, are there any reasons for this lack of recovery.
|
|
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|
|
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20.
|
|
Arceo, H.O. and M.C.C. Quibilan,
2000
|
|
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Coral Bleaching In The Philippines: A Review
In: Licuanan, W.Y. and E.D. Gomez (2000). Philippine Coral Reefs, Reef Fishes, and Associated Fisheries: Status and Recommendations to Improve Their Management. GCRMN Report. Appendix F.
|
Ref ID
|
11291
|
|
|
Author
|
Arceo, H.O. and M.C.C. Quibilan
|
|
|
Year
|
2000
|
|
|
Title
|
Coral Bleaching In The Philippines: A Review
|
|
|
Source
|
In: Licuanan, W.Y. and E.D. Gomez (2000). Philippine Coral Reefs, Reef Fishes, and Associated Fisheries: Status and Recommendations to Improve Their Management. GCRMN Report. Appendix F.
|
|
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Keywords
|
CORAL; BLEACHING; GCRMN
|
|
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Caption
|
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Abstract
|
Philippine reefs are endowed with high coral diversity (about 400 species) and contribute at least 15% to the total fishery production annually. Unfortunately, due to the unabated man-induced disturbances (e.g. destructive fishing practices, siltation, coral harvesting), Philippine reefs are now considered to be one of the highly threatened reef areas in the world. In the past, coral bleaching as an impact has not been considered as a major threat to the overall condition of Philippine reefs. From 1980 to 1997, only six local bleaching reports were documented. However, the reports did not quantify the impact of coral bleaching in terms of its severity, extent, and mortality. Moreover, the possible causal factors of these localized bleaching occurrences were not identified. Only one study documented the bleaching and mortality of corals due to elevated sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in Bolinao, Pangasinan in 1983. In 1998, using coral bleaching report forms, video transect surveys and NOAA's satellite data, we were able to document the first mass bleaching event in the country. Elevated SSTs that surpassed the upper thermal limits of corals, are implicated to be the major cause of bleaching. Changes in benthic lifeform composition derived from video transect surveys revealed that the impact of bleaching was variable across 13 sites (i.e. in areas of Bolinao, North Palawan, Tubbataha reefs, Kalayaan Island Group). Analyses of before and after bleaching conditions also showed that live coral cover significantly decreased (ranging from 0.7% to 46%) while dead coral cover significantly increased (ranging from 3% to 49%). This review then aims to: (1) summarize and update existing information on coral bleaching in the Philippines for the last 20 years; (2) identify gaps in data gathering and analyses; and (3) provide better understanding on the ecological and socioeconomic implications of coral bleaching.
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Online Documents
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|
|
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21.
|
|
Licuanan, W.Y.,
2000
|
|
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|
|
Coral Communities Of The Philippines: A Status Report
In: Licuanan, W.Y. and E.D. Gomez (2000). Philippine Coral Reefs, Reef Fishes, and Associated Fisheries: Status and Recommendations to Improve Their Management. GCRMN Report. Appendix A.
|
Ref ID
|
11309
|
|
|
Author
|
Licuanan, W.Y.
|
|
|
Year
|
2000
|
|
|
Title
|
Coral Communities Of The Philippines: A Status Report
|
|
|
Source
|
In: Licuanan, W.Y. and E.D. Gomez (2000). Philippine Coral Reefs, Reef Fishes, and Associated Fisheries: Status and Recommendations to Improve Their Management. GCRMN Report. Appendix A.
|
|
|
Keywords
|
CORAL COMMUNITIES; STATUS REPORT; GCRMN
|
|
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Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
Despite the increased awareness of the importance of coral reefs and the ensuing management and conservation efforts generated by the early status reports, we appear to be, at best, only slowing down the decline of this important resource. In the late 1970s, 5.3% of the reefs had excellent cover (at least 75% live coral cover). In the present inventory, based on secondary data from the 1990s, this number is down slightly to 4.3%. Both these figures are based on surveys of reefs and coral communities in over 600 site-time combinations. The 245 sites that reported dead coral cover show that 20% of the sites had at least half of the corals already dead. It seems that the Visayas reefs are the most at risk. The number of "excellent" reefs in the Visayas was halved, while the number of "good" reefs reduced to one third of the 1991 inventory. Areas without sufficient information are Mindanao, the east coast of Luzon, the basin around Sibuyan, the shallow banks off Polillo, and the Sulu chain.
Monitoring is seldom long enough, and sites consistently relocated for data to be reliable. Repeated surveys does not constitute monitoring (unless visits are really frequent or sample sizes really high). Transect positions must be relocated for error to be reduced to statistically acceptable levels. Although conclusions derived from fixed sampling points can only apply to the points sampled, in contrast to the more generalizable random sampling in locations studied, the inherent patchiness of coral benthic communities makes the latter useful only with larger, probably unaffordable sample sizes and longer time series.
More detailed taxonomic inventories should be encouraged as the over reliance on crude cover estimates of major categories (HC, Acropora, abiotic) may lead us to conclude that nothing is changing when in fact there has been some shifts within categories. Even with this, the over reliance on coral cover estimates leaves us little protection for important reefs. Only 20% of the reefs (or 7 of 69 town averages) in the present database have the minimum 50% cover needed to qualify as environmentally critical, thereby necessitating an environmental impact assessment as per the Environmental Management Bureau guidelines.
Management interventions must be designed with clear goals, an adequate understanding of experiences in the past, and with a view of collecting verifiable information to help future initiatives. Systematic and coordinated (not orchestrated) survey and monitoring is needed for a standard minimum set of parameters (e.g. live HC cover, dead HC cover), but not necessarily with standardized methodology.
|
|
|
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|
|
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|
22.
|
|
Obura, D. (Compiler),
2001
|
|
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|
|
Coral Reef Bleaching and Monitoring in the Indian Ocean.
pp 82-96. In Salm, R.V. and S.L. Coles (eds). 2001. Coral Bleaching and Marine Protected Areas.
Proceedings of the Workshop on Mitigating Coral Bleaching Impact Through MPA Design,
Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, 29-31 May 2001. Asia Pacific Coastal Marine Program
Report # 0102, The Nature Conservancy, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A: 118 pp.
|
Ref ID
|
19715
|
|
|
Author
|
Obura, D. (Compiler)
|
|
|
Year
|
2001
|
|
|
Title
|
Coral Reef Bleaching and Monitoring in the Indian Ocean.
|
|
|
Source
|
pp 82-96. In Salm, R.V. and S.L. Coles (eds). 2001. Coral Bleaching and Marine Protected Areas.
Proceedings of the Workshop on Mitigating Coral Bleaching Impact Through MPA Design,
Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, 29-31 May 2001. Asia Pacific Coastal Marine Program
Report # 0102, The Nature Conservancy, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A: 118 pp.
|
|
|
Keywords
|
coral bleaching, El Nino
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
Coral reefs of the Indian Ocean were some of the most affected by the El Niño coral bleaching event of 1997-98, and apparently among the most degraded regions in the world. The GCRMN global report (Wilkinson 2000) summarizes the status of Indian Ocean reefs as follows: destroyed before 1998 – 13%; destroyed in 1998 – 46%; estimated critical in next 2-10 years – 12%; estimated loss in 10-30 years –11%. This yields a total of 59% of all Indian Ocean reefs that are currently seriously degraded, with the prediction that this will rise to a total of 82% of all Indian Ocean reefs in the next 10-30 years. This paper summarizes the status of coral reefs in the Indian Ocean following the bleaching event of 1998, with
updates, where available for early 2001. Following this, some of the bleaching patterns are summarized.
This paper does not include the eastern Indian Ocean (west of the Andaman and Chagos Islands) nor the Arabian region and Red Sea. Historically, these areas have had a separate regionalization of scientific, cultural, and political interests. Collaboration with these regions is improving however, and should be supported
through this initiative. In the face of these dire predictions of coral reef degradation, action does need to be taken to safeguard the benefits Indian Ocean countries and their peoples derive from coral reefs, as well as to preserve the
biodiversity and ecosystem functioning of coral reefs. How to achieve these goals is not clear, and there is a clear need to develop new strategies and options for management that incorporate bleaching issues. The extent of Marine Protected Areas, and of regional monitoring programs is summarized here to set the
stage for developing new management and monitoring actions responsive to bleaching. The Indian Ocean does present numerous opportunities for collaboration and networking, from local project to inter-governmental agency levels, and a fast-growing awareness of and commitment to addressing the
threat of coral bleaching.
|
|
|
Online Documents
|
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|
|
|
|
23.
|
|
Chabanet, P., L. Bigot, O. Naim, R. Garnier, E. Tissier and M. Moyne-Picard,
2000
|
|
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|
|
Coral reef monitoring at Reunion island (Western
Indian Ocean) using the GCRMN method.
In Moosa, M.K., S. Soemodihardjo, A. Soegiarto, K. Romimohtarto, A. Nontji, Soekarno and Suharsono (ed.). Proceedings of the Ninth International Coral Reef Symposium, Bali. 23-27 Oct. 2000. Vol. 2:873-878
|
Ref ID
|
14872
|
|
|
Author
|
Chabanet, P., L. Bigot, O. Naim, R. Garnier, E. Tissier and M. Moyne-Picard
|
|
|
Year
|
2000
|
|
|
Title
|
Coral reef monitoring at Reunion island (Western
Indian Ocean) using the GCRMN method.
|
|
|
Source
|
In Moosa, M.K., S. Soemodihardjo, A. Soegiarto, K. Romimohtarto, A. Nontji, Soekarno and Suharsono (ed.). Proceedings of the Ninth International Coral Reef Symposium, Bali. 23-27 Oct. 2000. Vol. 2:873-878
|
|
|
Keywords
|
coral and fish community, Western Indian Ocean, ICRS9
|
|
|
Caption
|
Please note that the document may contain typo errors due to the inability of the OCR (Optical Character Recognition) software to recognize and translate scientific terms found in the proceedings.
|
|
|
Abstract
|
Since 1998, a standardised methodology consistent with GCRMN strategy has been used to assess some of the coral
reefs in Reunion Beef assessment started with two sites (St-Gilles/La Saline reef complex) and two others were
added in 1 999 (St-Leu reef). On each site, two stations were assessed (reef flat and outer slope around 12 m depth).
In 2000 results of reef assessment show a high spatial variability between stations, with the highest live coral
coverage recorded on St-Leu reef flat (47.8%). The differences between sites can be attributed to physico-chemical
water conditions (oligotrophic vs dystrophic waters) and/or differences in the developmental stage of the reef
communities (juvenile vs mature community structure). Between 1998 and 2000, coral reefs in Reunion displayed a
relative stability that may be correlated with the absence of important cyclone and bleaching events in the last ten
years.
|
|
|
Online Documents
|
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|
|
|
|
24.
|
|
Moore, A., A. S. Yotolembah and H. Darwinto,
2006
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|
|
Coral Reef Monitoring for Management in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 994-999 pp
|
Ref ID
|
26853
|
|
|
Author
|
Moore, A., A. S. Yotolembah and H. Darwinto
|
|
|
Year
|
2006
|
|
|
Title
|
Coral Reef Monitoring for Management in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
|
|
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Source
|
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 994-999 pp
|
|
|
Keywords
|
Monitoring, Survey, Sulawesi, Training, MPA, Reef Check, ICRS10
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
Central Sulawesi is a Province with extensive
coral reefs. In 2000, when Yayasan Adi Citra Lestari
(YACL) , a local NGO based in Palu, became a local
partner in Reefs at Risk SE Asia, there was a lack of data
and of locally based monitoring capacity. A capacitybuilding
programme was initiated including training in
SCUBA diving and GCRMN (Global Coral Reef
Monitoring Network) methods. Support was obtained
from several international organisations1 and individuals
and trainees were recruited from the local community.
Permanent transects were installed at four long-term
monitoring sites including two Marine Protected Areas
(MPA). Base-line surveys were undertaken at sites where
data were required for planning purposes, in
collaboration with other projects and organisations. Data
collected were analysed to determine coral reef condition
and ma jor threats at each location. The majority of reefs
surveyed were in GCRMN condition categories Average
or Poor, and commercially valuable indicator species
were absent at many sites, indicating heavy human
impacts. The results have been submitted to local,
national and international stakeholders. Data have been
used to produce training and awareness materials, design
and implement a support programme for Pulau Pasoso
MPA and other community development & extension
activities, in Marine and Coastal Resources Management
Program (MCRMP) projects in the Donggala, Poso and
Parigi-Moutong Districts and in decision support for
MPA creation or status change in the Togean Islands, the
Banggai Archipelago, and at Pulau Pasoso MPA.
|
|
|
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