Search for coral reef related articles, reports and other publications. This library includes the publications from International Coral Reef Symposium (ICRS) Proceedings, Coral Reefs Status Report, Reef Fisheries Portal and International Tropical Marine Ecosystems Management Symposium (ITMEMS) Symposium Papers. Please specify your search criteria, and indicate how many results are to be displayed.
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1. coral and reefs
Search for records which contain words coral and reefs
2. coral reefs
Search for records which contain words coral and reefs. Same as the "and" function.
3. coral or reefs
Search for records which contain words coral or reefs.
4. "coral reefs"
Search for records which contain exact phrase "coral reefs".
5. coral and not acropora
Search for records which contain words coral and not acropora.
Search Result: 1631 records
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1.
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Augustin, D, Galzin, R, Legendre, P, Salvat, B,
1997
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Interannual variability of the Tiahura barrier reef communities (Moorea Island, French Polynesia)
Oceanologica Acta Vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 743-756.
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Ref ID
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13407
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Author
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Augustin, D, Galzin, R, Legendre, P, Salvat, B
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Year
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1997
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Title
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Interannual variability of the Tiahura barrier reef communities (Moorea Island, French Polynesia)
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Source
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Oceanologica Acta Vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 743-756.
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Keywords
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Coral reefs; Community composition; Population dynamics; Zoobenthos; Phytobenthos; Reef fish; Temperature effects; Ecosystem disturbance; Mollusca; Tridacna maxima, bleaching
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Caption
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Abstract
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The interannual variability of the five dominant coral reef
communities of the French Polynesia seascape (algae, corals,
echinoderms, molluscs and fishes) was studied from 1990 to 1994 in
the Tiahura sector of Moorea Island. Qualitative (species
richness) and quantitative (cover percentage or density, depending
on the type of community) stability is shown for benthic
communities (algae, corals, echinoderms and molluscs), except for
the macroalgae group and for bivalve species Tridacna maxima. In
contrast, the fish community shows in its abundance a significant
interannual variability characterized by a recruitment peak in
1991 and gradual and stochastic changes of densities for a few
species. The bleaching events (in 1991 and 1994) and the cyclone
Wasa (December 1991) had no notable negative impact on the five
communities, except for species Tridacna maxima. Comparisons with
surveys conducted in the Tiahura sector from 1971 to 1990 suggest
that this coral reef ecosystem, as organized at present, is
especially robust in the face of natural disturbances.
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Online Documents
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No online document
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2.
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Poonian, C. N. S,
2008
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The influence of protected area management on the status of coral reefs at Misali Island, Tanzania following the 1998 bleaching event in the western Indian Ocean
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, 46(4) : 471-478
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Ref ID
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72512
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Author
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Poonian, C. N. S
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Year
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2008
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Title
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The influence of protected area management on the status of coral reefs at Misali Island, Tanzania following the 1998 bleaching event in the western Indian Ocean
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Source
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AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY, 46(4) : 471-478
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Keywords
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coral bleaching; Indian Ocean; Marine Protected Areas; Misali; Pemba; reef management
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Caption
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Abstract
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The reefs of Misali Island, Tanzania suffered serious coral mortality as a result of the 1998 coral bleaching event in the western Indian Ocean. Four years after this event, Frontier-Tanzania assessed reef substrate in Misali Island Marine Conservation Area (MIMCA) using scuba surveys. Substrate cover was compared between sites within and outside the nonextraction zone (NEZ) of MIMCA and recovery rates were estimated through reference to previous studies. Coral recovery at Misali Island following the bleaching event has generally been slow, but nonextractive management of MIMCA has enhanced coral recovery within the NEZ. The absence of fishing activities in the NEZ has sustained herbivorous fish populations and thus reduced algal overgrowth; however, outside the NEZ, diving and anchoring activities have caused further coral damage and led to increased levels of debris. Awareness-raising programmes could lessen these problems and the NEZ appeared to be well-placed to capitalize on nonmanageable factors that are thought to mitigate the effects of coral bleaching. In addition, the implementation of flexible zoning schemes could improve recovery rates after future bleaching events.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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3.
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Yeemin, T.,
2004
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Gulf of Thailandand the Andaman Sea.
Poster Presented at the 10th ICRS in Okinawa, Japan. 28 June to 2nd July 2004.
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Ref ID
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21771
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Author
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Yeemin, T.
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Year
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2004
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Title
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Gulf of Thailandand the Andaman Sea.
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Source
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Poster Presented at the 10th ICRS in Okinawa, Japan. 28 June to 2nd July 2004.
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Keywords
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2004 GCRMN Coral Reef Status Report
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Caption
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Abstract
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There are an estimated 153 km2 of coral reefs along the total coastline of 2,614
km and around 300 islands in Thai waters. These are classified in 4 distinct
areas with different oceanographic conditions: the inner part of the Gulf of
Thailand; the east coast of the Gulf of Thailand; the west coast of the Gulf of
Thailand; and along the coastline of the Andaman Sea. Three reef types can be
recognized: coral communities with no true reef structure; developing fringing
reefs; and early formation of fringing reefs. Several comprehensive reef survey
programs covering over 400 sites in the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea
were carried out by governmental institutions and private agencies. In general,
most reefs were rated good, fair or poor. Relatively small areas were classified
as excellent or very poor. Monitoring of reef fish was less extensive and
needed more effort in order to provide clear patterns and trends. The first
extensive coral bleaching phenomenon in the Gulf of Thailand occurred in
April-June 1998 and was the major cause of coral reef degradation. The mild
coral bleaching in 2003 was also clearly observed in the Gulf of Thailand and
the Andaman Sea. Adaptation to bleaching of several coral species was evident.
Continued studies on coral recruitment are required to predict recovery
potential. The reefs support a variety of human activities, especially tourism
and fisheries-relates uses. Tourism activities, sedimentation and wastewater
pollution associated with rapid coastal development are recent and increasing
severe problems for the next decade. Marine National Parks will play a major
role for coral reef management and conservation.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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4.
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Ang, Jr, P.O., L. S. Choi, M. M. Choi, A. Cornish, M. W. Lee, D. McCorry, K. Y. So, M. C. Tam and S. Y. Wong,
2004
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Status of Research on Coral Communities in Hong Kong SAR, China.
Poster Presented at the 10th ICRS in Okinawa, Japan. 28 June to 2nd July 2004.
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Ref ID
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21761
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Author
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Ang, Jr, P.O., L. S. Choi, M. M. Choi, A. Cornish, M. W. Lee, D. McCorry, K. Y. So, M. C. Tam and S. Y. Wong
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Year
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2004
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Title
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Status of Research on Coral Communities in Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Source
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Poster Presented at the 10th ICRS in Okinawa, Japan. 28 June to 2nd July 2004.
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Keywords
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2004 GCRMN Coral Reef Status Report
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Caption
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Abstract
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Hong Kong is located in subtropical region near the mouth of the Pearl River in
South China. No major reefs are formed but coral communities are found
mainly in the eastern and northeastern coastal areas. Eighty four species of
Scleractinian corals have recently been identified from Hong Kong waters and a
reference collection has now been set up. Various tertiary institutions have
research topics involving corals or coral communities. Recent on-going
researches include studies on coral predation by corallivorous gastropods,
bleaching, photosynthetic performance of corals as a response to coral algal
interactions, dynamic changes in coral community structures, coral
reproduction and recruitment, and changes in reef fish assemblages after
designation of Tung Ping Chau as a marine park and Cape D’Aguilar as a
marine reserve. Several monitoring programmes are in place. These include
monitoring on corals, fish, and marine flora in Tung Ping Chau and Hoi Ha
Wan Marine Parks and corals in Yan Chau Tung Marine Park. Reefcheck is
also an annual event sponsored by the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation
Department of the Hong Kong SAR Government and participated by more than
20 groups of volunteers. In 2003, Reefcheck covered 30 sites around Hong
Kong. It is providing very useful information on the general health conditions
of coral communities in Hong Kong waters.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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5.
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Schuttenberg, H. Z. (ed.),
2001
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"Coral Bleaching: Causes, Consequences, and Response." Selected Papers presented at the Ninth International Coral Reef Symposium on “Coral Bleaching: Assessing and Linking Ecological and Socioeconomic Impacts, Future Trends and Mitigation Planning”
Coastal Management Report #2230, Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island: 102 pp.
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Ref ID
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12052
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Author
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Schuttenberg, H. Z. (ed.)
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Year
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2001
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Title
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"Coral Bleaching: Causes, Consequences, and Response." Selected Papers presented at the Ninth International Coral Reef Symposium on “Coral Bleaching: Assessing and Linking Ecological and Socioeconomic Impacts, Future Trends and Mitigation Planning”
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Source
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Coastal Management Report #2230, Coastal Resources Center, University of Rhode Island: 102 pp.
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Keywords
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coral bleaching, management, El Nino
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Caption
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Abstract
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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6.
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Kobluk, D.R. and M.A. Lysenko,
1994
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"Ring" bleaching in southern Caribbean Agaricia agaricites during rapid water cooling.
Bull. Mar. Sci. 54(1):142-150.
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Ref ID
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6243
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Author
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Kobluk, D.R. and M.A. Lysenko
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Year
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1994
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Title
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"Ring" bleaching in southern Caribbean Agaricia agaricites during rapid water cooling.
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Source
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Bull. Mar. Sci. 54(1):142-150.
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Keywords
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Bleaching, Water cooling, coral; water temperature; Agaricia agaricites; temperature effects; biological stress; temperature tolerance
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Caption
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Abstract
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Within an interval of 18 h, beginning the afternoon of 25 June 1992, the
water temperature at a site on the leeward fringing reef of Bonaire, N.A.,
declined from its normal value of 27.5 degree -28 degree C to 25 degree C.
From 26 June 1992 to 2 July 1992, the water temperature remained low, at
one point reaching 24.4 degree C. This was probably the result of the
upward movement of a deep water thermocline to the sea surface. Coincident
with this, Agaricia lamarcki, Agaricia fragilis, Eusmilia fastigiata,
Diploria labyrinthiformis, Dichocoenia stokesi, Porites astreoides,
Meandrina meandrites, Colpophyllia natans, and Siderastrea siderea showed
minor bleaching of their tissue. Colonies of Montastrea annularis and
Agaricia agaricites (both possibly species complexes) were greatly
affected, with up to 84% of A. agaricites colonies at one point in the
7-day interval showing bleaching. The bleaching of A. agaricites was
unusual because it appeared as thick white rings scattered over the
colonies. In some cases the overlapping rings became so numerous that the
colonies were fully bleached. The bleaching of corals in Bonaire (June
26-July 2, 1992) probably resulted from thermal shock caused by the
rapidity of cooling combined with the reduction of water temperature to
below the normal thermal tolerance of these corals. A comparison with the
reefs and coral bleaching in the typically cooler northern waters of
Bermuda suggests that in many cases it may not be the absolute water
temperature (whether warm or cool) in itself that precipitates a bleaching
reaction, but rather the rapidity of temperature change in combination with
the deviation from the normal temperatures to which corals in a region are
adapted.
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Online Documents
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No online document
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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9.
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Turquet, J., L. Bigot, H. Cambert, C. Conand, R. Garnier, E. Mirault and J. P. Quod,
2002
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2001 Bleaching on Acropora Dominated Reefs
in Réunion.
in Linden, O., D. Souter, D. Wilhelmsson, and D. Obura (eds.). Coral degradation in the Indian Ocean: Status Report 2002. CORDIO, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of Kalmar, Kalmar, Sweden.pp 179-184
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Ref ID
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19983
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Author
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Turquet, J., L. Bigot, H. Cambert, C. Conand, R. Garnier, E. Mirault and J. P. Quod
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Year
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2002
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Title
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2001 Bleaching on Acropora Dominated Reefs
in Réunion.
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Source
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in Linden, O., D. Souter, D. Wilhelmsson, and D. Obura (eds.). Coral degradation in the Indian Ocean: Status Report 2002. CORDIO, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of Kalmar, Kalmar, Sweden.pp 179-184
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Keywords
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Acropora muricata, bleaching, coral reef, LIT, Réunion
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Caption
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Abstract
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As coral cover and diversity are affected on many reefs of the Western Indian Ocean by natural and human threats, especially coral bleaching, a clearer understanding of reef dynamics after bleaching is necessary. This paper presents a study designed quantify the impact of a localized bleaching event which occurred in the lagoon of La Saline in February–March 2001. Phase 1 focused on assessing the spread of the phenomenon all coral reefs of Réunion. Phase 2 was a rapid response to provide the initial temporal baseline for long term monitoring. Data were collected along 20-m transects located in the reef back boat channel, where A. muricata was the dominant coral and was suffering from bleaching. From March to July, LIT were used to estimate the percentage cover of bleached coral and algae, according to five previously-defined scales. Algal turfs covering dead corals and associated microalgae were collected at different steps of the process in order to estimate the colonisation patterns of dead corals. The results described this paper confirm that A. muricata may remain white for more than one month, that 5 stages can be identified for algae cover and that assemblages of potentially toxic dinoflagellates were immediately present. Recovery processes will be studied during
phase 2 to assess the topographic and community structures, including recruitment and growth from remaining live tips of A. muricata.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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10.
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Lionel, B., J. Maharavo, J. Bijoux, S. Ahamada, S. Meunier, N. Paupiah and M. Moyne-Picard,
2002
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2002 Coral Reef Monitoring Regional Report: South West Indian Ocean Region (Wio) Present Situation And 2000 / 2002 Evolution.
Indian Ocean Commission on line document
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Ref ID
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20009
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Author
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Lionel, B., J. Maharavo, J. Bijoux, S. Ahamada, S. Meunier, N. Paupiah and M. Moyne-Picard
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Year
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2002
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Title
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2002 Coral Reef Monitoring Regional Report: South West Indian Ocean Region (Wio) Present Situation And 2000 / 2002 Evolution.
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Source
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Indian Ocean Commission on line document
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Keywords
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monitoring, bleaching
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Caption
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Abstract
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There were few baseline data on coral reef status across
the 5 Indian Island nations of Comoros, Madagascar,
Mauritius, Seychelles and France/La Reunion when the
catastrophic 1998 El Niño associated coral bleaching and
mortality hit. Just as the bleaching impacts were varied
across this region, so are the condition of the reefs and
how they are impacted by human activities. Reefs off the
large island of Madagascar show distinct signs of human
damage, with few reefs in good condition and fewer
protected. Likewise there is evidence of damage from the
land to reefs on Mauritius and Reunion, but there are more
efforts to conserve the reefs in protected areas; bleaching
on these three countries was relatively minor.
Prior to the 1998 bleaching, the reefs of Comoros and the Seychelles were in good to excellent
condition except for some damage near centres of population and some over-fishing.
But bleaching devastated these reefs with large-scale mortalities leaving many reefs with less
than 5% coral cover (down from levels over 50%). The 1998 bleaching event occurred just
when the Regional Environmental Programme of the Indian Ocean Commission (REP-IOC) was
establishing a coral reef monitoring programme in the Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, La
Reunion and Seychelles, building on mandates already established by the IOC since its inception
in 1982 for regional cooperation in economic, social and cultural fields. The REP-IOC
programme aims to support national policies on Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) for longterm
sustainable development of the regions coral reefs for future generations, including the
establishment of permanent monitoring stations (of which there are now 44) in the 5 countries.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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11.
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Green, A.L., C.E. Birkeland, R.H. Randall, B.D. Smith and S. Wilkins,
1997
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78 years of coral reef degradation in Pago Pago Harbor: A quantitative record
8th International Coral Reef S. Panama. Smithsonian Tropical Research. H.A. Lessios and I.G. Macintyr. 2. 1883-1888.
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Ref ID
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A0000001568
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Author
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Green, A.L., C.E. Birkeland, R.H. Randall, B.D. Smith and S. Wilkins
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Year
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1997
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Title
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78 years of coral reef degradation in Pago Pago Harbor: A quantitative record
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Source
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8th International Coral Reef S. Panama. Smithsonian Tropical Research. H.A. Lessios and I.G. Macintyr. 2. 1883-1888.
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Keywords
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Reef health, Stress, Monitoring, Diversity, ICRS8,Natural System
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Caption
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Abstract
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Early this century, lush coral reefs lined the shore of pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa. Since then. the harbor has undergone urbanization and become a busy port, as well as the site of two tuna canneries. As a result, the reefs have experienced major dredging and filling operations as well as chronic pollution over many decades. In recent years the reefs have also endured two severe hurricanes and a mass coral bleaching event. This study focuses on the changes that have occurred on the .Aua Transect. in the harbor, based on three quantitative surveys over the last 78 years: 1917 (Mayor 1924a) , 1973 (Dahl and Lamberts 1977) and 1995 (this study). There have been dramatic changes in the coral reef community at Aua this century. Coral species richness. abundance, cover and colony size have decreased. and the relative abundance of coral genera has changed. Coral zonation patterns have also changed and some .zones. have completely disappeared. Diversity of Acropora species and the density of some other macroinvertebrates (holothurians and soft corals) are also much lower now.
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Online Documents
|
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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12.
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Green, A.L., Birkeland, C.E., Randall, R.M., Smith, B.D., Wilkins, S.,
1997
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78 years of coral reef degradation in Pago Pago Harbor: a quantitative record.
Proc 8th Int Coral Reef Sym 2:. 6pp.
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Ref ID
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E0000006175
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Author
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Green, A.L., Birkeland, C.E., Randall, R.M., Smith, B.D., Wilkins, S.
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Year
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1997
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Title
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78 years of coral reef degradation in Pago Pago Harbor: a quantitative record.
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Source
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Proc 8th Int Coral Reef Sym 2:. 6pp.
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Keywords
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Corals,Natural System, People & Livelihoods,National Park of American Samo
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Caption
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This document has been contributed from the American Samoa Digital Library of the National Park Service, National Park of American Samoa. http://www.nps.gov/npsa/naturescience/digitallibr.htm
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Abstract
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Early this century, lush coral reefs lined the shore of Pago Pago Harbor, American Samoa. Since then, the harbor has undergone urbanization and become a busy port, as well as the site of two tuna canneries. As a result, the reefs have experienced major dredging and filling operations as well as chronic pollution over many decades. In recent years the reefs have alao endured two severe hurricanes and a mass coral bleaching event. This. study focuses on the changes that have occurred on the Aua Transect' in the harbor, based on three quantitative surveys over the last 78 years: 1917 (nayor 1924a). 1973 (Dahl and a r t s 1977) and 1995 (this study).
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Online Documents
|
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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13.
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Wilkinson, C., D. Souter,
2008
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A bad year for the Caribbean corals
A World of SCIENCE, Vol. 6, No. 2. April – June 2008 (UNESCO). 20p.
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Ref ID
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26456
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Author
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Wilkinson, C., D. Souter
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Year
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2008
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Title
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A bad year for the Caribbean corals
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Source
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A World of SCIENCE, Vol. 6, No. 2. April – June 2008 (UNESCO). 20p.
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Keywords
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bleaching, Caribbean, climate change, status report, GCRMN
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Caption
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The years 1998 and 2005 were the two most damaging years for coral reefs in recorded history. They were also the world’s hottest years since records began in 1880. About 16% of the world’s reefs were lost to coral bleaching in the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific in 1998. Seven years on, unusually warm waters caused even worse coral bleaching, this time in the Caribbean where it was also a record year for hurricanes. Some of these hurricanes nevertheless had a silver lining: although they caused extensive damage, they also helped to save many corals by ‘taking the heat off them.’
(Article page available for download in English, Spanish and French)
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Abstract
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Online Documents
|
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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15.
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Vieux, C., A. Aubanel, J. Axford, Y. Chancerelle, D. Fisk, P. Holland, M. Juncker, T. Kirata, M. Kronen, C. Osenberg, B. Pasisi, M. Power, B. Salvat, J. Shima and V. Vavia,
2004
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A Century Of Change In Coral Reef Status In Southeast And Central Pacific: Polynesia Mana Node, Cook Islands, French Polynesia, Kiribati, Niue, Tokelau, Tonga, Wallis and Futuna.
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Ref ID
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E0000006472
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Author
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Vieux, C., A. Aubanel, J. Axford, Y. Chancerelle, D. Fisk, P. Holland, M. Juncker, T. Kirata, M. Kronen, C. Osenberg, B. Pasisi, M. Power, B. Salvat, J. Shima and V. Vavia
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Year
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2004
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Title
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A Century Of Change In Coral Reef Status In Southeast And Central Pacific: Polynesia Mana Node, Cook Islands, French Polynesia, Kiribati, Niue, Tokelau, Tonga, Wallis and Futuna.
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Source
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Keywords
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coral reef monitoring, management, status reports,Natural System,People & Livelihoods,Institutions & Governance,External Threats & Opportunities
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Caption
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Abstract
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The Polynesia Mana Node of the southeast and central Paci?c contains 7 independent or
autonomous countries or territories with only 6,000 km2 of land on 347 islands, but surrounded
by 12 million km2 of EEZ. These seas contain 13,000 km2 of coral reefs as the main natural
ecosystem providing food resources and opportunities for development, especially for tourism
and pearl culture for 500,000 inhabitants. During the 19th and ?rst half of the 20th centuries,
there was major exploitation by the colonial powers of mother-of-pearl oysters for the button
industry, as well as guano, sandalwood and trepang. The Polynesian people were largely
involved in a subsistence economy and all coral reefs and lagoons were healthy. During the
last two decades of the 20th, all countries experienced rapid development and urbanization,
rising populations, and some increased agriculture. These developments were limited to a few
islands of each country (i.e. 15 islands amongst the 347) with resulting degradation of the
coral reefs around these sites. The other islands remained mostly uninhabited and pristine, and
continued with a subsistence economy. Generally, there was more damage to the coral reefs
through natural events such as cyclones and coral bleaching, than by human activities. There is
however, an urgent need to combat the threats on some islands from increased sedimentation,
over-?shing, dredging and nutrient pollution.
The coral reefs of Polynesia Mana are predominantly healthy and at low threat risk in the
immediate future. These coral reefs are probably the least degraded and endangered in the
world as they are remote from continents and in the middle of the largest ocean. The largest
threat is still controversial; predicted global climate change threats of more frequent and
intense cyclones, and rising sea surface temperatures causing more coral bleaching mortality.
Monitoring programs are developing in each country, with some having regular programs
running for decades whereas others are just starting. The Node is now a functional reality with
countries signing on as partners and authors contributing to status reports. The optimistic
predictions are based on increased involvement of national authorities in coral reef protection
and resource management. There are many MPAs currently being planned as awareness is raised and monitoring progresses. Local populations are participating more and reviving their
culture and traditions as a basis for sustainable reef management. The pessimistic predictions
will apply if governments fail in their efforts towards coral reef resource management for these
coastal communities, and if they do not remedy the causes of human stresses to the reefs
around the heavily populated islands.
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16.
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Jones, A.M., R. Berkelmans, M.J.H. van Oppen, J.C. Mieog, and W. Sinclair,
2008
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A community change in the algal endosymbionts of a scleractinian coral following a natural bleaching event: field evidence of acclimatization
Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Volume 275, Number 1641 / June 22, 2008, 1359-1365pp: DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.0069.
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Ref ID
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26546
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Author
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Jones, A.M., R. Berkelmans, M.J.H. van Oppen, J.C. Mieog, and W. Sinclair
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Year
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2008
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Title
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A community change in the algal endosymbionts of a scleractinian coral following a natural bleaching event: field evidence of acclimatization
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Source
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Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Volume 275, Number 1641 / June 22, 2008, 1359-1365pp: DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.0069.
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Keywords
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Symbiodinium, bleaching, clade D, coral, thermal tolerance, acclimatization
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Caption
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Abstract
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The symbiosis between reef-building corals and their algal endosymbionts (zooxanthellae of the genus Symbiodinium) is highly sensitive to temperature stress, which makes coral reefs vulnerable to climate change. Thermal tolerance in corals is known to be substantially linked to the type of zooxanthellae they harbour and, when multiple types are present, the relative abundance of types can be experimentally manipulated to increase the thermal limits of individual corals. Although the potential exists for this to translate into substantial thermal acclimatization of coral communities, to date there is no evidence to show that this takes place under natural conditions. In this study, we show field evidence of a dramatic change in the symbiont community of Acropora millepora, a common and widespread Indo-Pacific hard coral species, after a natural bleaching event in early 2006 in the Keppel Islands (Great Barrier Reef). Before bleaching, 93.5% (n=460) of the randomly sampled and tagged colonies predominantly harboured the thermally sensitive Symbiodinium type C2, while the remainder harboured a tolerant Symbiodinium type belonging to clade D or mixtures of C2 and D. After bleaching, 71% of the surviving tagged colonies that were initially C2 predominant changed to D or C1 predominance. Colonies that were originally C2 predominant suffered high mortality (37%) compared with D-predominant colonies (8%). We estimate that just over 18% of the original A. millepora population survived unchanged leaving 29% of the population C2 and 71% D or C1 predominant six months after the bleaching event. This change in the symbiont community structure, while it persists, is likely to have substantially increased the thermal tolerance of this coral population. Understanding the processes that underpin the temporal changes in symbiont communities is key to assessing the acclimatization potential of reef corals.
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17.
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Elfwing, T.and M. Tendengren,
2000
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A comparison of production effects between corals and macroalgae at increased sea water temperature.
In Moosa, M.K., S. Soemodihardjo, A. Soegiarto, K. Romimohtarto, A. Nontji, Soekarno and Suharsono (ed.). Proceedings of the Ninth International Coral Reef Symposium, Bali. 23-27 Oct. 2000. Vol. 2:1139-1142
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Ref ID
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14912
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Author
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Elfwing, T.and M. Tendengren
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Year
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2000
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Title
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A comparison of production effects between corals and macroalgae at increased sea water temperature.
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Source
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In Moosa, M.K., S. Soemodihardjo, A. Soegiarto, K. Romimohtarto, A. Nontji, Soekarno and Suharsono (ed.). Proceedings of the Ninth International Coral Reef Symposium, Bali. 23-27 Oct. 2000. Vol. 2:1139-1142
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Keywords
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bleaching, ICRS9, production effects, corals, macroalgae, sea water temperature, physiological
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Caption
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Please note that the document may contain typo errors due to the inability of the OCR (Optical Character Recognition) software to recognize and translate scientific terms found in the proceedings.
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Abstract
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In this study we investigate whether a sublethal, sub-bleaching temperature increase (ambient +3oC) may have different effects on the physiological performance (net- production, respiration and GP/R ratios) of coral and macroalga. Four species of macroalgae (two brown algae Turbinaria sp. and Sargassum sp., one red algae Laurencia sp. and one green algae Dichtyosphaeria sp.) and one of the most abundant coral species, Porites porites, and decreased for the coral, although the coral maintains a net production state. It can be hypothesized that the relative competitive abilities have been altered and that this might contribute to an increased algal overgrowth although the coral component is still in a physiologically fit state. This could lead to changes in ecosystem structure and function without bleaching events or increased coral mortality as warning signals.
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18.
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Divine,L., C. Campbell, R. Loughridge and T. Krause,
2006
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A Comparison of Brain Coral Bleaching And Water Quality at Champagne Bay and Rodney’s Rock
Texas A&M University Study Abroad Dominica
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Ref ID
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72530
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Author
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Divine,L., C. Campbell, R. Loughridge and T. Krause
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Year
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2006
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Title
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A Comparison of Brain Coral Bleaching And Water Quality at Champagne Bay and Rodney’s Rock
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Source
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Texas A&M University Study Abroad Dominica
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Keywords
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brain coral, bleaching, water quality
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Caption
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Abstract
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Surveys of brain coral bleaching and water quality tests were performed at Rodney’s Rock (otherwise known as Tarou Point) and Champagne Bay. Sizes and damage of brain corals were recorded and related to water quality tests at each test area. A comparison was made of bleaching and water quality between Rodney’s Rock and Champagne Bay. The study showed that Rodney’s Rock contained a larger total percentage of bleached brain coral than Champagne Bay which was consistent with the results of our water quality tests.
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19.
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Berkelmans, R., G. Death, S. Kininmonth and W. J. Skirving,
2004
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A comparison of the 1998 and 2002 coral bleaching events on the Great Barrier Reef: spatial correlation, patterns, and predictions.
Coral Reefs Volume 23, Number 1: 74 - 83
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Ref ID
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21399
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Author
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Berkelmans, R., G. Death, S. Kininmonth and W. J. Skirving
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Year
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2004
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Title
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A comparison of the 1998 and 2002 coral bleaching events on the Great Barrier Reef: spatial correlation, patterns, and predictions.
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Source
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Coral Reefs Volume 23, Number 1: 74 - 83
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Keywords
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Climate change - Coral bleaching - Great Barrier Reef - Sea-surface temperature - Spatial correlation
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Caption
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Abstract
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Detailed mapping of coral bleaching events provides an opportunity to examine spatial patterns in bleaching over scales of 10 s to 1,000 s of km and the spatial correlation between sea surface temperature (SST) and bleaching. We present data for two large-scale (2,000 km) bleaching events on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR): one from 1998 and another from 2002, both mapped by aerial survey methods. We examined a wide range of satellite-derived SST variables to determine which one best correlated with the observed bleaching patterns. We found that the maximum SST occurring over any 3-day period (max3d) during the bleaching season predicted bleaching better than anomaly-based SST variables and that short averaging periods (3–6 days) predicted bleaching better than longer averaging periods. Short periods of high temperature are therefore highly stressful to corals and result in highly predictable bleaching patterns. Max3d SST predicted the presence/absence of bleaching with an accuracy of 73.2%. Large-scale (GBR-wide) spatial patterns of bleaching were similar between 1998 and 2002 with more inshore reefs bleached compared to offshore reefs. Spatial change in patterns of bleaching occurred at scales of ~10 s km, indicating that reefs bleach (or not) in spatial clusters, possibly due to local weather patterns, oceanographic conditions, or both. Approximately 42% of reefs bleached to some extent in 1998 with ~18% strongly bleached, while in 2002, ~54% of reefs bleached to some extent with ~18% strongly bleached. These statistics and the fact that nearly twice as many offshore reefs bleached in 2002 compared to 1998 (41 vs. 21%, respectively) makes the 2002 event the worst bleaching event on record for the GBR. Modeling of the relationship between bleaching and max3d SST indicates that a 1 °C increase would increase the bleaching occurrence of reefs from 50% (approximate occurrence in 1998 and 2002) to 82%, while a 2 °C increase would increase the occurrence to 97% and a 3 °C increase to 100%. These results suggest that coral reefs are profoundly sensitive to even modest increases in temperature and, in the absence of acclimatization/adaptation, are likely to suffer large declines under mid-range International Panel for Climate Change predictions by 2050.
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Online Documents
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No online document
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20.
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Abramovitch-Gottlib, L., D. Katoshevski and R. Vago,
2002
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A computerized tank system for studying the effect of temperature on calcification of reef organisms.
Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods
Volume 50, Issues 2-3: 245-252
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Ref ID
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14409
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Author
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Abramovitch-Gottlib, L., D. Katoshevski and R. Vago
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Year
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2002
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Title
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A computerized tank system for studying the effect of temperature on calcification of reef organisms.
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Source
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Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods
Volume 50, Issues 2-3: 245-252
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Keywords
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Coral reef; Zooxanthellae; Calcification; Global warming; Coral bleaching
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Caption
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Abstract
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Mediated by algal symbionts, calcification in reef building corals is one of the important processes, which enable coral's growth. In the present study, we used a buoyant weighing technique to study calcification of two coralline species, Stylophora pistillata and the hydrocoral Millepora dichotoma. The colonies were grown in a tank system, in which light, nutrition and water motion were kept constant and temperature was elevated by means of a computerized controlled apparatus. An almost constant rate of calcification was observed in the two species at 22–28 °C. Elevation of the temperature above this range to 29–31 °C caused a slow down in calcification in both species. A grater number of S. pistillata colonies became bleached at temperatures of 29 °C, whereas M. dichotoma colonies suffered from bleaching only after three days at 31 °C. For both species, control groups, remained viable during the experimental period. The differences in responses to changes in temperature of the two species may be as a consequence of different adaptive mechanisms or to different susceptibilities of the corals to elevated temperatures. We have shown that elevating temperatures above annual maximal ranges have a significant effect on coral calcification. We also demonstrated that sessile calcified marine organisms having ecological and biomedical significance could be cultured and manipulated under laboratory conditions.
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21.
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M. H. Schleyer and L. Celliers,
2002
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A Consideration of the Biodiversity and Future of Southern African Coral Reefs.
in Linden, O., D. Souter, D. Wilhelmsson, and D. Obura (eds.). Coral degradation in the Indian Ocean: Status Report 2002. CORDIO, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of Kalmar, Kalmar, Sweden.pp 83-90
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Ref ID
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19972
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Author
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M. H. Schleyer and L. Celliers
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Year
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2002
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Title
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A Consideration of the Biodiversity and Future of Southern African Coral Reefs.
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Source
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in Linden, O., D. Souter, D. Wilhelmsson, and D. Obura (eds.). Coral degradation in the Indian Ocean: Status Report 2002. CORDIO, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, University of Kalmar, Kalmar, Sweden.pp 83-90
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Keywords
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climate change, coral biodiversity, coral distribution, sea surface temperatures, Southern Africa
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Caption
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Abstract
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Coral communities in Southern Africa form a continuum from the more typical, accretive reefs in the tropics of Mozambique to the marginal, southernmost African distribution of this fauna in KwaZulu-Natal. While the latter are limited in size, they are gaining increasing attention as they provide a model for the study of many of the stresses to which these valuable systems are globally being subjected. Soft coral cover, comprising relatively few species, exceeds that of scleractinians over much of the southern reefs, and the coral communities attain a high biodiversity at this latitude on the East African coast. A longterm monitoring programme has revealed small yet significant changes in community structure on the reefs in recent years, concurrent with consistent increases in mean and maximum temperature. Insignificant bleaching was encountered during the 1998 ENSO event, unlike elsewhere in East Africa, but quantifiable bleaching occurred during an extended period of warming in 2000. Outbreaks of COTS have caused longer-term changes in isolated areas. A study of coral larval dispersal and recruitment has been initiated to establish the capacity of the reefs to recover from the latter form of disturbance. The marginal nature of the reefs is further manifested by corals that generate aseasonal and atypical natural products and have a reproductive pattern that conforms with the pattern found on marginal reefs in W. Australia. Calcium deposition on the reefs is also low due to physico-chemical factors that are related to latitude. Published projections on the long-term effects of climate change indicate that more reefs will become marginal as a result of global warming. Current monitoring on the South African reefs is being expanded to investigate the extent to
which they will elucidate the future of more typical reefs.
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Online Documents
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23.
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Hendee, J.C., E. Mueller, C. Humphrey, and T. Moore.,
1999
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A data-driven expert system for producing coral bleaching alerts at Sombrero Reef in the Florida Keys, USA.
In: Proceedings of the International Conference of Scientific Aspects of Coral Reef Assessment, monitoring, and Restoration. Fort Lauderdale, Florida: April 14-16, 1999. Pp 673
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Ref ID
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13479
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Author
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Hendee, J.C., E. Mueller, C. Humphrey, and T. Moore.
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Year
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1999
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Title
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A data-driven expert system for producing coral bleaching alerts at Sombrero Reef in the Florida Keys, USA.
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Source
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In: Proceedings of the International Conference of Scientific Aspects of Coral Reef Assessment, monitoring, and Restoration. Fort Lauderdale, Florida: April 14-16, 1999. Pp 673
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Keywords
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Caption
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Abstract
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Online Documents
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No online document
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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24.
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Hendee, J.C., C. Humphrey and T. Moore,
1998
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A data-driven expert system for producing coral bleaching alerts,
p. 139-147. In: D.W. Pepper, C.A. Brebbia and P. Zannetti (eds.) Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Development and Application of Computer Techniques to Environmental Studies. Computational Mechanics Publications/WIT Press, Southampton.
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Ref ID
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8002
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Author
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Hendee, J.C., C. Humphrey and T. Moore
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Year
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1998
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Title
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A data-driven expert system for producing coral bleaching alerts,
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Source
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p. 139-147. In: D.W. Pepper, C.A. Brebbia and P. Zannetti (eds.) Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Development and Application of Computer Techniques to Environmental Studies. Computational Mechanics Publications/WIT Press, Southampton.
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Keywords
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Monitoring, Bleaching, Remote sensing, Stress
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Caption
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Abstract
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Online Documents
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No online document
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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25.
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Habibi, A., N. Setiasih and J. Sartin (eds),
2007
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A Decade of Reef Check Monitoring: Indonesian Coral Reefs, Condition and Trends
The Indonesian Reef Check Network, 36pp.
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Ref ID
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27461
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Author
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Habibi, A., N. Setiasih and J. Sartin (eds)
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Year
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2007
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Title
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A Decade of Reef Check Monitoring: Indonesian Coral Reefs, Condition and Trends
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Source
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The Indonesian Reef Check Network, 36pp.
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Keywords
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coral reef, coral triangle, threats, livelihoods, ecosystems
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Caption
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Indonesia is situated in the centre of coral diversity (Veron, 2000), which is often referred to as the Coral Triangle. Indonesian coral reefs are estimated to cover around 51.000 km² or around 18% of the global coral reef area, and around 60% of coral species are found in this country. Sadly, environmentally damaging fishing practices (such as the use of cyanide and explosives), overfishing, sedimentation, waste disposal (Burke et al.., 2002), and coral bleaching (Hughes et al., 2003) have been identified as the major threats to this ecosystem.
Over 80% of the Indonesian population lives in the coastal zone, so that the degradation does not only impact the coral reefs themselves but also has a significant impact on the coastal communities who rely on this ecosystem for their livelihoods (Burke et al.., 2002). The Reefs at Risk in Southeast Asia report (Burke et al.., 2002) stated that during the past 50 years, the proportion of coral reefs in declining condition has increased from 10% to 50%. If this destruction is allowed to continue, it is estimated that the economic losses will be around 2.6 billion US $ over a period of 20 years. This is a very low value if compared to the estimated value of over 1.6 billion US $ per year if the coral reef ecosystem is maintained in a healthy condition (Cesar et al.. 1997).
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Abstract
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Online Documents
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