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Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress, 1985
The Fifth International Coral Reef Symposium was conducted by The "Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" (National Museum of Natural History) and the "Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes" (Practical School of Advanced Studies) in Tahiti, French Polynesia, from 27th May to 1st June, 1985.
About 600 participants registered at the symposium, representing 44 countries. Approximately 400 papers were presented and 208 papers were published in 6 volumes proceedings of the symposium.
Search Result: 102 records
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1.
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ICRS5
Olsen-Stojkovitch, J.,
1985
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A phylogenetic look at selected genera in the Siphonocladales/Cladophorales complex using immunological data.
Proc. Fifth Inter. Coral Reef Congress, Tahiti 5:59-64. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Author
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Olsen-Stojkovitch, J.
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Year
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1985
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Title
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A phylogenetic look at selected genera in the Siphonocladales/Cladophorales complex using immunological data.
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Source
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Proc. Fifth Inter. Coral Reef Congress, Tahiti 5:59-64. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Keywords
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ICRS5 algae
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Caption
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Abstract
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The Siphonocladales/Cladophorales complex is comprised of about 20 genera ranging from
mono typic to SOlie reportedly containing 1200 species. Recent phylogenetic investigations have used an
ultrastructural approach which has proven powerful at the ordinal level and above but does not seem to
be able to resolve differences among genera and species within those orders. Furthermore,
morphological simplicity and plasticity among characters suggests that convergent evolution has
occurred thus limiting usefulness of traditional morphologic analyses for phylogenetic reconstruction.
To provide a new and independent line of inquiry within the order, a survey is now underway
utilizing imnunological distance data which tests current ideas about relationships among species and
genera. Unlike more traditional immunological methods, solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) is both
highly quantitative and sensitive to low levels of protein. Antibodies produced in response to soluble
protein fractions of whole plant extracts are used in both standard cross-reaction and inhibition
experinents. Phylogenetic trees are then constructed using the Fitch and Margoliash nethod, a modified
UPGMA clustering algorithm producing a minimal length tree. To date, 48 antibodies have been prepared
against 31 species.
Although the study is not yet complete, several patterns of relationships among taxa are
already apparent: Dictyosphaeria is more closely related to Siphonocladus than Valonia; Caldophoropsis
is closely related to Boodlea and Struvea, and not Cladophora; and Cladophora appears to be a form
genus with species alliances to other genera in the group. In surmary, trends in the data support a
fusion of the two orders and a greater understanding of the relationships among these common reef flat
algae is at hand.
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2.
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ICRS5
Zablackis, E.K.,
1985
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A taxonomic investigation of the genus Scinaia (Rhodophyta) in Hawaii.
p. 89-94. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Author
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Zablackis, E.K.
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Year
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1985
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Title
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A taxonomic investigation of the genus Scinaia (Rhodophyta) in Hawaii.
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Source
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p. 89-94. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Keywords
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ICRS5 Algae
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Caption
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Abstract
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Scinaia furcata is described as a new species in a genus of red algae that occurs in temperate
and subtropical waters. The genus has a wide distribution, and Scinaia furcata becomes the second
species in the central Pacific. The previously reported Hawaiian species, Scinaia hormoides, dlfferes
from Scinaia furcata in having constricted segments. The details of the spermatangia, carpogonia and
gonimoblasts are discussed. S. furcata is compared to two closely related species from the group
Cylindricae.
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3.
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ICRS5
Conand, C. and P. Chardy,
1985
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Are the Aspidochirote holothurians of the New Caledonian lagoon good indicators of the reefal features,
p. 291-296. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Author
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Conand, C. and P. Chardy
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Year
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1985
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Title
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Are the Aspidochirote holothurians of the New Caledonian lagoon good indicators of the reefal features,
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Source
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p. 291-296. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Keywords
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Indicator species, Holothurians, Reefal, ICRS5
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Caption
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Abstract
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The Aspidochirote Holothurians have been sampled in 216 stations of the reef complex of
New-Caledonia. At each station studied in a lagoonal habitat, parameters have been collected on the
environmental factors and the associated biota, 48 Aspidochirote Holothuri~n species have been
recorded. At each station the number of species was between 0 and 13; per 100 m the density varied
from 0 to 154 and the bicmass from 0 to 27 470 g.
An Inertia Analysis based on qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative data reveals the
ecological affinities between stations and points out the characteristic species. The Holothurian
distribution reflects the overall organization of the reef system, more or less closely according to
the different biotopes. The weight of the environmental factors as well as of the characteristic
species is analysed.
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4.
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ICRS5
Zibrowius, H.,
1985
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Asexual reproduction by bud-shedding in shallow-water Balanophylla of the tropical Indo-Pacific (Cnidaria: Scleractinia: Dendrophylliidae).
p. 233-238. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Author
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Zibrowius, H.
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Year
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1985
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Title
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Asexual reproduction by bud-shedding in shallow-water Balanophylla of the tropical Indo-Pacific (Cnidaria: Scleractinia: Dendrophylliidae).
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Source
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p. 233-238. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Keywords
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ICRS5 clones
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Caption
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Abstract
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One type of asexual reproduction producing clones in Scleractinia is shedding peripheral buds
which consist of a single polyp and the corresponding corallum. In fact, SOIM species produce buds in
the edge zone that normally do not attain a permanently colonial stage. Sooner or later, the buds fall
off the parent to which they were attached by a narrC1li base. The basal fracture remains recognizable
as a scar in later stages of the detached bud. Bud-shedding has developed in different families (and
suborders) of the Scleractinia as an adaptation to life on soft bottoms where stable substrates are
rarely available for sexually produced larvae ready to settle. Specimens with a larger base, issued
from a larva and attached to a substrate, are either unknown in these species, or very rare.
Bud-shedding is common in some species of Asterosmilia (Caryophylliidae Parasmiliinae), Blastotrochus
(Flabellidae), Balanophyllia [=Rhodopsammia, = Eupsammia] and Endopachys (Dendrophylliidae). Some of
the many "free" fossil forms conventionally grouped under Eupsammia probably had the same type of
asexual reproduction. In the present contribution attention is focussed on t~ species of IIk>re or less
elongate and curved bud-shedding Balanophvllia that are widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific,
typically in depths of less than 100 m : !. stimpsonii (Verrill, 1865) with a corallum subcircular to
elliptical in cross-section occurring from South Africa to the Philippines, the North China Sea, the
Chesterfield Islands and eastern Australia; and B. carinata (Semper, 1872; with a compressed keeled
corallum occurring from Somalia to the Philippines, Indonesia, and the Chesterfield Islands. Both
species were previously confused with other species of Balanophyllia. Their attached stages, not
issued from budding, are extremely rare. !. stimpsonii and!. carinata occasionally contain galls
induced by parasitic Ascothoracida (Crustacea Maxillopoda). Other symbionts found with !. stimpsonii
are Epitonium sp. (Gastropoda Prosobranchia Epitoniidae) and the perforating Lithophaga hanleyana
(Bivalvia Mytilidae).
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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5.
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ICRS5
Scott, P.J.B.,
1985
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Aspects of living coral associates in Jamaica,
p. 345-350. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Author
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Scott, P.J.B.
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Year
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1985
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Title
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Aspects of living coral associates in Jamaica,
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Source
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p. 345-350. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Keywords
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Coral associates, Symbiosis, ICRS5
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Caption
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Abstract
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Qualitative and quantitative surveys of macro-infaunal associates of living corals in Jamaica
revealed a number of previously unreported associations, including a new species of Lithopha~a.
The mud shrimp, Upogebia operculata was found boring in Pori~es astreoid!s where mated pairs
excavate ramifying chambers similar to their better~known mud burrows.
Two coral crabs, Pseudocryptochirus corallicola and !. hypostegus live in different,
non-overlapping hosts. Although a single coral species (or even a single colony) may contain a nunber
of associates of different taxa, no coral species was inhabited by both crabs. Similarly, two barnacle
species, Ceratoconcha ~ and ~ madreporarum inhabit different host species.
Lithophaga madracensis, a new, small mytilid bivalve inhabits Madracis mirabilis and ~.
decactis below approximately 10 m in both fore and back reef environments at Discovery Bay.
The more generalized borer, ~. bisulcata has been found in 10 coral species belonging to 6
families. However, it is most common in only two corals, Stephanocoenia michelini and Siderastrea
siderea. It also bores into dead bases of colonies and in coral rock. Fitness of this bivalve species
in living and dead coral was examined to determine the relative advantages of the two micro-habitats.
Results indicate that bivalves in living cor$l are more successful. Larval stages display different
behaviour patterns on the t~ substrate types and observations of larval behaviour provide the first
clues to how larvae of living coral associates handle the surface tissue layer when settling.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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6.
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ICRS5
Lucas, J.S., W.J. Nash and M. Nishida,
1985
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Aspects of the evolution of Acanthaster planci (L) (Echinodermata: Asteroidea).
p. 327-332. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Author
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Lucas, J.S., W.J. Nash and M. Nishida
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Year
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1985
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Title
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Aspects of the evolution of Acanthaster planci (L) (Echinodermata: Asteroidea).
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Source
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p. 327-332. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Keywords
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ICRS5 COT
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Caption
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Abstract
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In addition to the coral predators, Acanthaster ~ and A. ellisii, the latter of which is
of disputed taxonomic status, the genus Acanthaster contains a short-;pined species, !. brevispinus.
!. brevispinus occurs on soft bottoms, appears to be omnivorous and has, to date, only been reported
from the Philippines and the Great Barrier Reef, where it is sympatric with !. ~. ~ ~
fertilization and rearing studies have shown that !. ~ and !. brevispinus are genetically
compatible to the extent that fertile F1 hybrids were produced. However F2 hybrids and back-crosses
were of poor viability and some of then showed rorphological abnomalities, suggesting that there are
barriers to introgression of genetic material between these species. Biochemical genetics studies of
!. ~ and !. brevispinus revealed that for a number of gene loci the alleles were shared by these
species. However, the two species were homozygous for different alleles at an esterase locus,
indicating their genetic distinctiveness. Hybrid starfish were heterozygous at this locus. The value
for Nei's genetic distance measure (D) calculated from these data for!. ~ and !. brevispinus is
similar to values for other closely related asteroid species, including some which are knoWl to
hybridize naturally. Thus, it is concluded that!. ~ and !. ~revispinus are recently evolved
sibling species. It is postulated that !. ~ evolved as a specialist coral predator from an
omnivorous ancestor like !. brevispinus. Having adapted to this niche, !. ~ spread through the
Indo-Pacific region exploiting a resource for which it had few competitors. !. ellisii may represent a
stage in the evolution of the long-spined Indo-Western Pacific!. ~.
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Online Documents
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7.
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ICRS5
Kiene, W.E.,
1985
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Biological destruction of experimental coral substrates at Lizard Island (Great Barrier Reef, Australia).
p. 339-344. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Author
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Kiene, W.E.
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Year
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1985
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Title
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Biological destruction of experimental coral substrates at Lizard Island (Great Barrier Reef, Australia).
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Source
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p. 339-344. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Keywords
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ICRS5 boring grazing polychaetes sipunculans borers
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Caption
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Abstract
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Biological destruction of CaCO3 substrates by boring and grazing is a major process on coral
reefs and produce or help to produce the sediments which are both retained in, and lost from, the reef
ecosystem. Estimates of rates of destruction are therefore fundamental parameters in understanding
overall growth. Recent studies have shown that initial erosion rates of newly available substrates
vary between different envirorunents. In order to observe longer term erosion rates, analysis was made
on experimental coral substrates on reef slope, reef flat, and lagoon environments at Lizard Island in
the northern part of the Great Barrier Reef. Results indicate major environmental differences in the
mechanisms and rates of biological destruction. Grazing has dominated erosion of experimental
substrates on the reef slope after 2.5 and 3.5 years. Relatively little grazing has occurred on the
reef flat. In both these environments, polychaetes and sipunculans were the major borers. The
composition of infaunal boring communities suggest a succession of dominant borers that varies between
environments. Average measured rates of erosion also vary with time, with greatest rates during the
final year ~f ixposure. Reef slope substrates exposed for 3.5 years experienced average erosion rates
of 2.71 kg m- YI- during 1983. Ree2 flft and lagoon substrates exposed for 3 years were subjected to
0.41 kg m-2y- and 1.95 kg m- yr- of erosion respectively. These rates demonstrate clearly that
biological destruction is a major and fundamental process in reef growth during early stages of
substrate availability.
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Online Documents
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8.
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ICRS5
McCaffrey, E.,
1985
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Biologically active compounds from two species of marine sponge.
p. 141-146. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Author
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McCaffrey, E.
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Year
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1985
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Title
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Biologically active compounds from two species of marine sponge.
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Source
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p. 141-146. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Keywords
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ICRS5
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Caption
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Abstract
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Two species of marine sponge collected from Heron Reef, Great Barrier Reef, have yielded
cOOlpounds possessing biological activity.
Purification of the crude alcoholic extracts of a sponge of the genus Haliclona by
untrafi1tration and gel chrOOlatography has led to the isolation of a toxic canpound. The toxin causes
hemolysis of red blood cells at concentrations of 5 pg/m1. Toxicity assays were conducted by immersing
a nunber of test organisms in dilutions of the isolated toxin. The toxin is lethal to hydro ids
(Solandaria~) and to crustaceans (Artemia~) at doses of 25 pg/m1 and to fish (Gambusia
affinis) at 10 pg/m1. The compound is lethal to mice at doses of 3 mg/kg when administered via the
intraperitoneal route. Signs expressed in treated mice include diarrhoea, hind-limb paralysis,
h.ypothermia and labored respiration. At sub-lethal doses of 1 mg/kg, the toxin slightly potentiates
the hypnotic effects of pentobarbitone in mice, but is ineffective in preventing
pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions, tetrabenazine-induced ptosis or pheny1benzoquinone-induced
writhing.
The crude methanol-toluene extract of a sponge of the genus Ca1lysponKia was observed to
inhibit the growth of both G+ and G- bacteria. Solvent partitioning m\d chranatography of the crude
active extract on silica gel and Sephadex LH 20 has afforded two fractions active against a number of
pathogenic G+ and G: bacteria. Both fractions are ichthyotoxic at a concentration of 5 rg/ml.
The potent1al therapeutic applications and possible ecological significance of these compounds
will be discussed.
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Online Documents
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9.
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ICRS5
Conand, F.,
1985
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Biology of the small pelagics fishes of the lagoon of New Caledonia used as bait fish for tuna fishing,
p. 463-467. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Author
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Conand, F.
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Year
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1985
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Title
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Biology of the small pelagics fishes of the lagoon of New Caledonia used as bait fish for tuna fishing,
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Source
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p. 463-467. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Keywords
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Bait fish, Pelagic fishes, Phenology, pole and line Tuna fishing, ICRS5
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Caption
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Abstract
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§everal species of small pelagic fishes are used as bait fish for pole and line tuna fishing
in the tropical Indo-Pacific. These fish are usually caught at pightin the lagooo or in sheltered
reef areas, after having been attracted by the use of light. More than 300 nights of experimental
fishing have been done between March 1980 and March 1984 at about 100 different locations in the lagoon
of New Caledonia and in the Loyalty Islands. An important variation in the catch has been observed.
The maximums occured at the end of the warm seasons in April-May.
The phenology of these fish follows two different patterns.. The small sized species, with a
short life span, which reach sexual maturity at a size of 4 to 6 cm corresponding to 2 to 4 months'
age. Their generations follow one another all year round, quickly during the warm season and more
slowly in winter time. The other type is represented by annual species. Growth occurs during the
major part of the year and maturity is reached near the end .of the first year.
Mortality is always high after reproduction and few individuals survive. Small sized species
do not grow beyond 2 to 3 cm after maturity and among annual cycle species, individuals older than one
year are very uncommon.
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Online Documents
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10.
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ICRS5
Drew, E.A. and K.M. Abel,
1985
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Biology, sedimentology and geography of the vast inter-reefal {Halimeda} meadows within the Great Barrier Reef Province.
p. 15-20. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Author
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Drew, E.A. and K.M. Abel
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Year
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1985
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Title
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Biology, sedimentology and geography of the vast inter-reefal {Halimeda} meadows within the Great Barrier Reef Province.
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Source
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p. 15-20. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Keywords
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Algae, Halimeda, Surveys, ICRS5
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Caption
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Abstract
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At least 2000 km2 of the sea bed of the GBR Province are carpeted with algal vegetation
canposed almost ent.irely of Halimeda. These meadows occur principally between 11°50'S and 15°35'S at
depths of 20 to 4Om,but smaller areas also occur in III1ch deeper water ClOQn or more) further south.
This vegetation is composed mainly of the sprawling lit2ophytic species normally found on the reefs
within the GBR. Biomass of up to 4kg dry weight m Halimeda (90% calcium carbonate) have been found
and the meadows grow upon a coarse gravel canposed of dead segments from the local vegetation. The
meadows are confined to the outer part of the continental shelf, usually inshore from the outer barrier
reefs and may be supported by upwellings of nutrient-rich, deeper water from the Coral Sea.
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11.
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ICRS5
Lebeau, A.,
1985
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Breeding evaluation trials in the Green Turtle Chelonia mydas (Linné) on Scilly Atoll (leeward Islands, French Polynesia) during the breeding seasons 1982-1983 and 1983-1984.
p. 487-494. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Author
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Lebeau, A.
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Year
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1985
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Title
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Breeding evaluation trials in the Green Turtle Chelonia mydas (Linné) on Scilly Atoll (leeward Islands, French Polynesia) during the breeding seasons 1982-1983 and 1983-1984.
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Source
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p. 487-494. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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|
|
Keywords
|
Chelonia mydas (green turtle), Reproduction, ICRS5
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
Three field trips to Scilly Atoll (Leeward Islands, French Polynesia), allowed estimates to be
made of the frequency of layings by Ch~lonia ~ during the breedng seasons of 1982-83 and 1983-84.
These were calculated at 7/800; the nunber of eggs produced being in the order of 70-80,000, with a
probable emergence rate approaching 80-90.,.. The number of females laying during these periods is
evaluated at approximately 300/400 per season.
Other observations conducted on the green turtle at Scilly are similarly reported. The
question of the status of Chelonia ~ and of other marine turtles frequenting Polynesian waters is
tackled, particularly in terms of their conservation and protection.
Finally, the emphasis is placed on the necessity to state precisely the figures put forward,
and to extend the assessment and biological study to other French Polynesian islands.
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
12.
|
|
ICRS5
Willenz, P. and W.D. Hartman,
1985
|
|
|
|
|
Calcification rate of Ceratoporella nicholsoni (Porifera: Sclerospongiae): an in situ study with calcein.
p. 113-118. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
|
Author
|
Willenz, P. and W.D. Hartman
|
|
|
Year
|
1985
|
|
|
Title
|
Calcification rate of Ceratoporella nicholsoni (Porifera: Sclerospongiae): an in situ study with calcein.
|
|
|
Source
|
p. 113-118. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
|
|
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Keywords
|
ICRS5 Algae
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
The calcareous skeletons of sclerosponges playa secondary but not insignificant role as
framework builders on modern coral reefs. They contribute to and strengthen the walls of caves,
tunnels and crevices in reefs, are important as framework constructors on the Jamaican deep fore-reef
and fill the interstices of the reef even at relatively shallow depths. These facts have led us to
investigate the growth rate of the skeleton of sclerosponges.
In the work reported here, calcein, a fluorochrome stain taken up by calcifying tissues, has
been employed to mark newly deposited aragonite in the skeleton of Ceratoporella nicholsoni (Hickson).
Experiments were performed in situ in a reef tunnel at a depth of 28 m off Pear Tree Bottom, Jamaica.
A plastic bag containing a sol~io~ the dye in sea water was tied around each specimen and removed
24 hours later. Identical treatments were repeated on the same specimens after times ranging from one
week to six months. ...
Ground sections perpendicular to the surface of harvested samples of the dried skeleton were
examined and photographed by fluorescence microscopy. The distance measured between successive
fluorescent lines revealed a growth rate of less than 0.2 mm per year.
Growth lines apparent to the naked eye in sections of C. nicholsoni do not represent annual
accretions of aragonite. It is suggested that caution is needed in the interpretation of growth lines
in anc{ent sponges with massive calcareous skeletons.
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
13.
|
|
ICRS5
Paul, V.J.,
1985
|
|
|
|
|
Chemical adaptation in pantropical green algae of the genus Halimeda.
p. 39-46. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
|
Author
|
Paul, V.J.
|
|
|
Year
|
1985
|
|
|
Title
|
Chemical adaptation in pantropical green algae of the genus Halimeda.
|
|
|
Source
|
p. 39-46. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
|
|
|
Keywords
|
Algae, Halimeda, ICRS5
|
|
|
Caption
|
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|
Abstract
|
Many species of tropical green algae of the genus Halimeda are abundant in reef habitats
characterised by intense herbivory. These same algae have been shown to be 1(711 preference items in the
diets of most macroherbivores such as fishes and sea urchins.
Species of Halimeda produce terpenoids of previously unknown structure types which possess
potent biological activities. In laboratory bioassays these compounds show antibiotic, antifungal,
larval toxicity, ichthyotoxicity and feeding deterrent effects. Evidence is presented which shows that
chemical defense adaptations may be important in enhancing the survival of these algae in
herbivore-rich tropical waters.
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
14.
|
|
ICRS5
Fitt, W.K. and D.K. Hofmann,
1985
|
|
|
|
|
Chemical induction of settlement and metamorphosis of planulae and buds of the reef-dwelling Coelenterate {Cassiopeia} {andromeda}.
p. 239-244. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
|
Author
|
Fitt, W.K. and D.K. Hofmann
|
|
|
Year
|
1985
|
|
|
Title
|
Chemical induction of settlement and metamorphosis of planulae and buds of the reef-dwelling Coelenterate {Cassiopeia} {andromeda}.
|
|
|
Source
|
p. 239-244. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
|
|
|
Keywords
|
ICRS5 scyphozoan
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
A variety of peptides induce settlement and metamorphosis of larvae and asexually-produced buds of the scyphozoan Cassiopeia andromeda. The critical concenfration of the active peptides needed to induce metamorphosis varies from < 1 ug ml- to 300 ug ml- .There appear to be homologous areas in
the amino acid sequences in the active peptides.
The origin of peptides inducing metamorphosis of planulae and buds in seawater (in situ) may
be bacterial. When the bacteria ~ alRinocyticus were incubated with various substrate;, ~ active
fractions were found in the mediun and not associated with the bacterial surface, implying that the
inducers are products of metabolism. In addition, some peptides resulting from trypsin and thermolysine
digestion of casein proteins and bacterial collagenase digestion of collagen have been shown to induce
metamorphosis of buds of C. andromeda.
The relationship- of response time of planulae to concentration of inducer depends on the age
of the planulae and previous exposure to inducers. Older planulae respond faster and to lower
concentrations of inducer than younger planulae. Planulae also appear to have a "memory" for the
inducers. Those planulae exposed to chemical stimuli for less than 5 h, and removed from the stimulus
for 24 h, responded faster upon reexposure to the stimu1us.
The possible mechanisms of induction of settlement a~d metamorphosis of larve and buds of C. andromeda are discussed, as well as the ecological implications of the phenomenon for animals
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
15.
|
|
ICRS5
Snyder, R.A.,
1985
|
|
|
|
|
Ciliated protists from the Western Atlantic Barrier Reef System, Carrie Bow Cay, Belize.
p. 215-220. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
|
Author
|
Snyder, R.A.
|
|
|
Year
|
1985
|
|
|
Title
|
Ciliated protists from the Western Atlantic Barrier Reef System, Carrie Bow Cay, Belize.
|
|
|
Source
|
p. 215-220. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
|
|
|
Keywords
|
ICRS5 benthic microfauna
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
A preliminary survey of the reefs and mangroves around Carrie Bow Cay, Belize, has shown that
ciliates canprise a dominant portion of the benthic microfauna, yet virtually no documentation of
either the taxonomy or ecology of these organisms is available from tropical systems. In temperate
aquatic systems, ciliates, flagellates, md alOOebae are beginning be be recognized as major consullers
of micro-primary producers and bacteria in complex microbial food webs. These organisms may drive
remineralization of detritus md other organic substrates by consunption md digestion of bacteria,
releasing dissolved nutrients. Protists may also serve as a food source for small metazoan
invertebrates and invertebrate larvae, though their soft bodies make detection in stanach contents
difficult. Benthic ciliates were collected in core tubes and large syringes, and extracted by
micropipette for fixation in Bouin's fixative. Accurate taxonoDPJ requires the use of Bodian protargol
silver stain to elucidate morphological patterns. Ciliates associated with the remineralization of
animal tissues were collected fran bait traps using fish and conch flesh, md from coral heals infected
with black band disease. Ciliates extracted from carbonate sands in reef recesses, deep sand troughs,
and lagoon areas were of the salle genera as those associated with nutrient regenerative sediments in
temperate areas, though most of the species are previously undescribed. Detrital sediments in mangrove
creeks also harbor a rich ciliate fauna associated with Beggiatoa mats under overhanging banks, as well
as Phormidium and Oscillatoria cyanobacteria mats in channels. A ciliate, Mesodinium (1) which harbors
a red, photosynthetic endosymbiont, occurred in sufficient nunbers on creek sedillents to cause so~
areas to be visibly red.
|
|
|
Online Documents
|
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|
|
|
|
16.
|
|
ICRS5
Maragos, J.E. and M.E. Elliott,
1985
|
|
|
|
|
Coastal resource inventories in Hawaii, Samoa and Micronesia,
p. 577-582. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
|
Author
|
Maragos, J.E. and M.E. Elliott
|
|
|
Year
|
1985
|
|
|
Title
|
Coastal resource inventories in Hawaii, Samoa and Micronesia,
|
|
|
Source
|
p. 577-582. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
|
|
|
Keywords
|
Coastal resources, Assessment, ICRS5
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
Since 1978 the Corps of Engineers has sponsored coastal resource and coral reef inventories in
Pacific areas which are under U.S. jurisdiction. Canpleted inventories in Hawaii include the islands
of Oahu, Maui, West Hawaii, and Kauai, with Molokai in progress. The inventory in American Samoa
covered the islands of Tutuila, Aunu'u, Ofu, Olose~ and Ta'u. In the Caroline Islands an inventory
was completed for Moen (in Truk); one is in progress for Pohnpei and one is planned for Kosrae.
The inventory products include a report correlated with an atlas of large scale maps. The
products are designed for use by scientists, planners and other officials with management
responsibilities over coastal resources. Field data collection emphasizes marine biology (fishes,
corals, algae, etc.), oceanography, water quality and marine geology. Other data sources incluQe
aerial photographs, literature rev~ews and interviews with knowledgeable scientists, officials,
fishermen and other resource users. The photographs also playa key role in map preparation.
The narrative report describes the marine and terrestrial ecology, geolmrphology, cultural
resources, water quality and oceanography, human uses and other topics for each geographic reach of an
island or reef. The geographic coverage of each atlas map corresponds to that of the respective report
narrative and includes data on bottom types, bathymetry, currents, waves, study sites and human uses or
values plotted by "use" symbols. Reliance on relmte sensing and extensive field techniques allows
large remote areas to be mapped rapidly.
A major value of the inventories is the completed geographic description of important coastal
resources in a format that allows managers to direct development away from valuable reefs and other
resources worthy of protection. The inventories also identify sites worthy of more intensive research
and management and provide "baseline" data to develop resource conservation plans, such as the one in
progress for Pohnpei (Holthus, this volume).
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
17.
|
|
ICRS5
Oliver, J. and P. McGinnity,
1985
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial coral collecting in the Great Barrier Reef.
p. 563-567. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
|
Author
|
Oliver, J. and P. McGinnity
|
|
|
Year
|
1985
|
|
|
Title
|
Commercial coral collecting in the Great Barrier Reef.
|
|
|
Source
|
p. 563-567. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
|
|
|
Keywords
|
Coral industry, Export trade, ICRS5
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
Approximately 45 tonnes of scleractinian coral are harvested annually from the Great Barrier
Reef. The coral is sold donestically, either as tourist curios or as specinens for marine aquaria.
Coral exports are minimal (less than 150 kg per year). Collecting is regulated by both Commonwealth
and State legislation, and is restricted to licensed areas of reef front, each approximately 400 m
long. Additional permits are required from the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority if licensed
areas fall within zoned sections of the park. Canmercial collecting is permitted only within zones
designated for general uSe.
In 1983 there were only 12 active collectors, and two of these accounted for over 60% of the
annual harvest. One coral species, Pocillopora damicornis, makes up over 70% of the total amount
colle~ted. This dominance by a small n\IDber of collectors, and a single species, makes the industry
comparatively easy to monitor and manage.
Analysis of previously conducted reef surveys indicates that P. damicornis is ubiquitous in
low densities, but that high concentrations occur on a relatively small pr;portion of reefs (10-20%).
Measurements of size frequency distributions, growth rates, mortality and recruitment(are being made
for this species in order to determine the potential yield under different fishing pressures. At
present the damage caused by collecting appears to be minimal, and restricted to small areas on a few
reefs. However, the ban on coral exports from the Philippines has resulted in enquiries by large scale
American and European importers. If the export of large quantities of coral was permitted, this could
lead to significant increases in the annual coral harvest in Australia and ~uld need to be closely
monitored. The Authority's policies amount to such activities being permitted only at levels which are
sustainable in perpetuity.
|
|
|
Online Documents
|
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|
|
|
|
18.
|
|
ICRS5
Fautin, D.G.,
1985
|
|
|
|
|
Competition by anemone fishes for host actinians.
p. 373-378. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
|
Author
|
Fautin, D.G.
|
|
|
Year
|
1985
|
|
|
Title
|
Competition by anemone fishes for host actinians.
|
|
|
Source
|
p. 373-378. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
|
|
|
Keywords
|
ICRS5 anemonefishes Pomacentridae Entacmaea quadricolor clownfish
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
Ten species of sea anemones are symbiotic with 26 species of anemonefishes (Pomacentridae).
Five of the forller inhabit six of the latter at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia.
Direct challenge field experiments for actinians from among fish of all species normally
inhabiting then support the hypothesis that canpetition is important in governing wich species of
symbionts occur together. The competitve hierarchy for Entacmaea quadricolor is ordered as is numerical
abundance of fish individuals and proportion of anemones occupied by that species: Premnas biaculeatus,
Amphiprion melanopus, ~ akindynos. Congruence between competitive dominance of territories (=
aneDkJnes) with nunber of individual fish and with proportion of the actinian population occupied by
each holds as well for ~ perideraion and ~ percula (in that order) in Heteractis magnifica. Dominance
is also a direct correlative of host specificity in both cases. Actinians of the other four species at
Lizard Island (all members of family Stichodactylidae) host only the fish ~ akindynos, which occupies
the second greatest nunber of hosts.
Thus, in a particular locality, proportion of individuals of a host species occupied by its
various symbionts, and n\DIber of specimens of each fish, are direct reflections of the dominance
hierarchy among the fish. In addition, attractiveness of host actinians to anemonefishes is reflected
in the nunber of species of fishes sharing that resource, either in one locality or over the range of
the symbiosis as a whole. By this measure, Entacmaea quadricolor is the most attractive host. Probably
not coincidentally, it is the only host actinian that has been demonstrated to benefit fran its
association with anemonefishes.
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
19.
|
|
ICRS5
Le Gall, J.-Y. and J.-M. Fesquet,
1985
|
|
|
|
|
Coral lagoon as aquacultural environment for the green marine turtle farm at Ile de la Reunion (Indian Ocean).
p. 481-486. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
|
Author
|
Le Gall, J.-Y. and J.-M. Fesquet
|
|
|
Year
|
1985
|
|
|
Title
|
Coral lagoon as aquacultural environment for the green marine turtle farm at Ile de la Reunion (Indian Ocean).
|
|
|
Source
|
p. 481-486. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
|
|
|
Keywords
|
icrs5
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
The breeding farm for the green sea turtle,' Che10nia~, on Reunion Island, was set up on
the edge of the coral fonnations. The prob1sns posed were concerned with the benefits of the lagoon
environment as an area for intertropical aquaculture, and the possible resultant impacts on the quality
and the activities of the surrounding coral reef. In 1983/1985 the livestock of the farm canprised of
about 2000 turtles aged f~om 1 to 3 years, with a biomass in the order of 60 tonnes. They were
re1easjd into a basin, 1~00 m , with a concrete bottom. The renewal of sea water in the lagoon is from
750 m /hr. The quantJ.ty of food, supplied in the form of granules (45.,. protein) is from 300 kg/day.
Food not consumed by the t~rtles and their excretory products produced a lor ~mean in a 24 h cycle) in
the overflow of 3.4 g/m of suspended matter and total nitrogen N 1.5g/m nJ.trate. This is equivalent
to t\:le suspended matter produced by 1500 humans.
The introduction of this farm in a coral reef context is very effective in terms of an aquatic
farm. In the upper waters 05 the farm the water pumped into the lagoon (of which the volume has been
calculated as 45 000 -110 000 m according to the state of the tide and the swell) is oxygenated and
warmed --very favourable factors. In the lower part of the farm, the overflow is placed in the
discharge passage of this same lagoon where a current of 0.5 to 2 m/S (according to swell) carries
diluted eff1uent-6into the bay and out of the lagoon. The dilution, calculated by calorimetry, is in
the or?er,of 1.10 ~or a linear dist~nce of 500 m. Th~ volume of dilution in St. Leu Bay ~a scale of
100 mJ.l1J.on per km for the supra tJ.da1 current of whJ.ch the daily residual coveys an initJ.a1 volume of
10 cmfS. It results that the mineralisation of organic matter products of the effluent is achieved
very quickly, giving the amounts of NO2 = 0.08 pmo1/1 for 800 m of outflow. The strong dilution and
the total current system of the bay is such that the probability that any particular water will return
to the lagoon-farm system is almost nil.
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
20.
|
|
ICRS5
Manac'h, F. and J.L. Carsin,
1985
|
|
|
|
|
Deep fishing on the outer slope of atolls,
p. 469-474. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
|
Author
|
Manac'h, F. and J.L. Carsin
|
|
|
Year
|
1985
|
|
|
Title
|
Deep fishing on the outer slope of atolls,
|
|
|
Source
|
p. 469-474. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
|
|
|
Keywords
|
Deep fishing, ICRS5 bottom-set longline
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
In 1984 several series of deep fishing trials were undertaken on the outer side of MURUROA and
FANGATAUFA, at depths between 250 and 55Om, i.e. on the steep slope and at the change of incline.
The fishing gears used consisted of a bottom-set longline 600 metres with 72 hooks and traps
for sedentary fishes, shrimps and other crustacea. The longlines were baited with Collolabis saira and
laid 250 metres deep; the traps were baited with tuna and set 350 and 450 metres deep for ~tary
Crustacea and 550 metres for shrimps. On an average, we lost 25% of the longline gear. The catches
after 18 sets of the deep longline were very low. After 54 sets of traps, catches were irregular for
the fishes but significant for the shrimps.
Among finfishes the species caught most were from the families of Serranidae, Muranidae,
Lutjanidae. Among the Cru$tacea, the Heterocarpus species predominated.
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
21.
|
|
ICRS5
Agegian, C.R. and I.A. Abbott,
1985
|
|
|
|
|
Deep water macroalgal communities: a comparison between Penguin Bank, Hawaii, and Johnston Atoll,
p. 47-57. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
|
Author
|
Agegian, C.R. and I.A. Abbott
|
|
|
Year
|
1985
|
|
|
Title
|
Deep water macroalgal communities: a comparison between Penguin Bank, Hawaii, and Johnston Atoll,
|
|
|
Source
|
p. 47-57. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
|
|
|
Keywords
|
Algae, Coral banks, Atoll, ICRS5
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
Deep sea exploration by manned submersibles has expanded the known depth limits of macroalgae
end provided techniques with which to describe and qusntifydeepwater macroalgal canounities intact.
The questions addressed in this investigation include: Are deep water macroalgal communities
taxonomically distinct from shallow water canounities? What are the biogeographic affinities of the
deep water macroalgae? Deep water benthic algal surveys were conducted with the submersible MAKALI'I
(Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory) on Penguin Bank, Hawaii (21° N. lat. 157.5° W. long.) and
Johnston Atoll (16° N. lat. 169° W. long.). Algal depth zonation was recorded by visual observation,
color video recording, still photography, and voucher specimens collected at each depth with a suction
device and manipulator arm. Drift algae were distinguished from algae which were actually growing
attached to the rock or sand substratum. At Johnston Atoll, Dictyota from shallow reef environments was
canmonly observed at great depth 000 m ) as loose drift. The deep water macroalgal canposition was
distinct from that found in shallow water and the species diversity of deep water algae was low
compared to a similar depth range at Penguin Bsnk. The algal species composition at Penguin Bank was
composed of both typically shallow species and distinct deep water species. Macroalgaewere found at
greater depths (250 m) on Johnston Atoll than on Penguin Bank. Crustose coralline algae we:re the
deepest dwelling algae at both locations. The deep water macroalgae of Johnston Atoll have a greater
biogeographic affinity with Marshall Islsnds flora than to Hawaiian deep water species, end are
dissimilar in this regard to the observed distribution of hermatypic coral species in these regions.
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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22.
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ICRS5
Wulff, J.L.,
1985
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Dispersal and survival of fragments of coral reef sponges.
p. 119-124. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Author
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Wulff, J.L.
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Year
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1985
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Title
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Dispersal and survival of fragments of coral reef sponges.
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Source
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p. 119-124. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Keywords
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ICRS5
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Caption
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Abstract
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Fragments of the branching Caribbean demosponge species Iotrochota birotulata Riggin,
Haliclona ~ (Pallas), and Aplysina (=Verongia) ~ (Pallas) can be dispersed quickly over
suitable terrain.
Experiments were designed to mimic natural fragment dispersal over a substratum of small
massive corals and rubble from corals in San Blas, Panama. Sponge fragments (100 of each species) were
labeled and released at several places on a shallow (-2.1 m) plane and on a slope (-2.3 to -5.0 m).
Subsequent distributions of the fragments were then mapped at interv!ils.
After four weeks, 17% (16/93) of the fragments recovered on the flat plane remained within
0.25 m of their original locations, but the others had dispersed a mean distance of 8.85 m, with 37'1.
(34/93) recovered between 10 and 19 m away. On the slope, 297. (28/98) of the fragments remained
undispersed. The mean distance dispersed by the others was 2.60 m, with 117. (11/98) dispersing 5-10
m. Because most of the dispersal occurred during a 2-day storm in the third week of the experiment,
net dispersal at the end of fou r -eks was in the direc tion of the storm curren t on the plane and in
direction$ repre$ented by various vector sums of the slope and current direction$ on the $lope.
Fragment$ of the$e $pecies survive well in this habitat. After one year, 307. (91/300) of the
fragments were found alive and many had adhered to hard $ub$trata and increa$ed in $ize. Clones in
the$e populations may, therefore, have $cattered distribution$, ari$ing from frequent establi$hment of
fragments a$ phY$iologically independent and di$tant part$ of the $ponge$ from which they became
severed.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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23.
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ICRS5
Cameron, R.A., I. Boidron-Metairon and O. Monterrosa,
1985
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Does the embryonic response to temperature and salinity by four species of Caribbean sea urchins parallel the reproductive synchrony?
p. 273-278. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Author
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Cameron, R.A., I. Boidron-Metairon and O. Monterrosa
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Year
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1985
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Title
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Does the embryonic response to temperature and salinity by four species of Caribbean sea urchins parallel the reproductive synchrony?
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Source
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p. 273-278. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Keywords
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ICRS5 Lytechinus variegatus, Echinometra lucunter,
Echinometra viridis and Tripneustes ventricosus
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Caption
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Abstract
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Populations of four species of sea urchins, Lytechinus variegatus, Echinometra lucunter,
Echinometra viridis and Tripneustes ventricosus, overlap in distribution on the shallow insular shelf
of southwest Puerto Rico yet they exhibit distinctly different degrees of reproductive synchrony.
Populations of ~. variegatus and!. ventricosus possess gravid individuals for many months of the year
while the Echinometra species have a synchronous spawning period with gravid individuals present only
for the two fall roonths that coincide with the sea tanperature maximum. These species all broadcast
spawn and possess planktotrophic larvae. Little is known about the response of the embryos and larvae
of these species to the environment. Perhaps the anbryos of those species with highly synchronous
reproduction are more sensitive to physical factors that those of the less synchronous ones. To
determine developmental responses to tanperature and salinity, a 3x3 factorial experillent over a
temperature range of 20 to 30. C and a salinity range of 31.5 to 38.5 0100 was performed for each
species. Developllental stage was measured at 3h intervals for 48h. Response surface analysis of
cleavage stages revealed that all species were more sensitive to temperature than salinity in the
ranges tested and that the roost synchronous species were oost responsive to tanperature differences.
At the blastula stage, the least synchronous ~. variegatus and!. ventricosus exhibit the broadest and
narrowest lethal limits, respectively; while the more synchronous Echinometra species exhibit
intermediate ones. Environmental influences seem to be manifested at a n\nlber of sites during the
developmental process
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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24.
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ICRS5
Quinn, N.J. and B.L. Kojis,
1985
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Does the prescence of coral reefs in proximity to a tropical estuary affect the estuarine fish assemblage?
p. 445-450. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Author
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Quinn, N.J. and B.L. Kojis
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Year
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1985
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Title
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Does the prescence of coral reefs in proximity to a tropical estuary affect the estuarine fish assemblage?
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Source
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p. 445-450. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).
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Keywords
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ICRS5 complex interrelationship mangroves coral
reefs
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Caption
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Abstract
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It is frequently stated that there is a complex interrelationship between mangroves and coral
reefs and that the former serve as nursery areas for several species of reef fishes. However, there is
very little literature on interactions between the ecosystems. Birkeland and Grosenbaugh have asked the
question, "Are coral reefs separated from mangrove swamps significantly different in fish communiity
structure from those bordering on mangrove swamps?" We are turning the question around and examining
the effect of coral reefs on mangrove fish assemblages. This paper examines fish assemblages in t~
estuaries in the equatorial tropics in Papua New Guinea. The Labu estuary (6° 48'S., 146° 58 IE.) is near
the mouth of a large turbid river with the nearest coral reefs over 20 Ian away. Residents of villages
near this estuary do not recognise typical coral reef fishes and have no local names for them. The
second estuary, Mis Inlet (sOI2IS., and 14s048IE.), is not located near a major river, but has an
extensive coral reef system at its mouth. The vegetation of both estuaries is superficially similar
being dominated by Rhizophora. It is hypothesised 1) that, owing to the influence of the
characteristics of coastal terrain and local hydrology, the fish assemblages bet~en Labu estuary and
Mis Inlet will be different and 2) that, owing to the proximity to a coral reef ecosystem, the Mis
Inlet ichthyofauna will be dominated by coral fish species. In both studies leiognathids dominated the
assemblage with over 88% of the catch. Leiognathids are not normally associated with coral reefs, but
are a dominant taxa in coastal de~rsal fish assenblages. Many of the families associated with coral
reefs such as Acanthuridae, Chaetodontidae, Pricanthidae and Scaridae to name a few common taxa did not
occur in either site. Eight of the 10 most abundant species were canmon to both locations suggesting
that assemblages were essentially similar and that the presence of a major river or coral reefs had
little influence on the mangrove canll1lnity. We agree that many species of fish move into mangroves at a
particular stage in their ]ife-history -usually as juveniles. However, we suggest that mangroves in
the western South Pacific serve as nusery areas for relatively few species of juvenile reef fish. The
assemblage is dominated by muddy/sandy bottom demersal and surface feeding species.
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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