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Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress, 1985
The Fifth International Coral Reef Symposium was conducted by The "Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" (National Museum of Natural History) and the "Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes" (Practical School of Advanced Studies) in Tahiti, French Polynesia, from 27th May to 1st June, 1985.
About 600 participants registered at the symposium, representing 44 countries. Approximately 400 papers were presented and 208 papers were published in 6 volumes proceedings of the symposium.
Search Result: 86 records
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1.
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ICRS5
Lewis, J.B., E.B. Gladfelter and D.W. Kinsey,
1985
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Metabolism, Calcification and Carbon Production: Seminar discussion.
p. 497-504. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Author
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Lewis, J.B., E.B. Gladfelter and D.W. Kinsey
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Year
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1985
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Title
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Metabolism, Calcification and Carbon Production: Seminar discussion.
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Source
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p. 497-504. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Keywords
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icrs5 organic carbonate productivity physiology of coral reef organism
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Caption
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Abstract
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We have considered the concept of "metabolism" from the level of biogeochemical
fluxes through the ecosystem to the growth rates and metabolic rates of individual organisms.
The anatomy and physiology of the coral/skeleton and coral/zooxanthe11ae relationships have
been considered as well as concepts of the "anatomy" (zonal relationships) and "physiology"
(nutrient recycling and controls) within total reef systems. It was not our purpose to address
metabolism in the true biochemical sense and this subject has not been reviewed.
We have considered the controlling influences of a number of ambient parameters
in tne reefal environment. It is clear that ligllt relationships are proving of the greatest
significance to our better understanding of coral reef function at all levels. Perhaps, the
most interesting cOnclusion, because of its apparently contradictory implications, concerns
nutrient levels as metal?olic rate controls. Kinsey has concluded that (of the major nutrients)
phosphate is likely always to be the most limiting to total system productivity, whereas
Gladfelter has concluded that nitrogen is most usually limiting. This would seem to be an area
where positive resolution miYht be sought at tne Fiftn Congress Seminar. The role of
circulation within the reef water mass is stressed as extremely important from the level of
boundary layers in proximity to living organisms, to overall circulation in lagoons and across
continental shelves.
The importance of seasonality is clear in studies at all levels. However, there
seem to be many complex considerations with respect to the influence of latitude. Overall,
reef systems seem to exhibit little functional difference over a wide range of latitude. By
contrast, many specific organisms exhibit clear latitudinal trends. This would seem to be not
so much a contradiction as to reflect shifts in community structure with latitude. However,
the subject would seem to be one with considerable scope for further intensive consideration.
The seasonality of mass accretion in both individual orga.nisms.and total reef framework ~as
been given considerable attention. There is much scope 1n th1S area for further extens1ve
collaboration with geologists.
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2.
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ICRS5
Fadlallah, Y.H.,
1985
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Reproduction in the coral {Pocillopora} {verrucosa} on the reefs adjacent to the industrial city of Yanbu (Red Sea, Saudi Arabia).
p. 313-318. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Author
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Fadlallah, Y.H.
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Year
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1985
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Title
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Reproduction in the coral {Pocillopora} {verrucosa} on the reefs adjacent to the industrial city of Yanbu (Red Sea, Saudi Arabia).
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Source
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p. 313-318. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Keywords
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Coral, Reproduction, Pocillopora, ICRS5 coral spawning recruitment
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Caption
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Abstract
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Results of a one year study on the mode and timing of reproduction in the Red Sea coral
Pocillopora verrucosa are presented. Monthly samples were obtained from six coral reef sites along a
stretch of coast adjacent to the Industrial City of Yanbu, Saudi Arabia, as part of an environmental
study. P. verrucosa at Yanbu was hermaphroditic with a short annual cycle of gametogenesis in spring
which maybe triggered by rising sea water temperature in March and April. Broadcast spawning occured
on or around new moon at the end of May in 1984. P. verrucosa is a broadcaster in contrast to its
congener the brooding ~ d~icornis. The conseq~nces of these contrasting reproductive strategies are
discussed.
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3.
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ICRS5
Gilmour, A. and W. Craik,
1985
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A Framework For Monitoring The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park.
p. 265-270. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Author
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Gilmour, A. and W. Craik
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Year
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1985
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Title
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A Framework For Monitoring The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park.
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Source
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p. 265-270. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Keywords
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icrs5 mpa marine protected area
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Caption
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Abstract
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The current position in the development of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park is briefly
outlined noting a proposed canpletion by 1988.
Monitoring is defined and the conceptual background reviewed in the light of some recent
literature.
The legislative basis for a monitoring program is noted. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
~ 1975 defines the Great Barrier Reef Region and a process for the develo~ of zonT;"i""" ~ ~
associated regulations, for sections of the Marine Park which provide the underlying frame~rk for its
management.
The zoning plans provide a number of zones which have defined objectives, provisions for entry
to, and use of each zone which may include a requirement to apply for a permit for particular uses in a
zone.
In developing a monitoring program for the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park four specific
objectives have been defined related to effectiveness of zoning plans, health of the reef, impact of
the zoning plan on the reef, on users and on the local economy. Through a series of matrices each
objective has been considered and techniques identified to enable measurements of parameters relevant
to the objective. The technique is described and the outcome is discussed in the context of the Great
Barrier Reef Marine Park.
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4.
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ICRS5
Holthus, P.F.,
1985
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A reef resource conservation and management plan for Ponape Island (Caroline Archipelago, Micronesia).
p. 231-236. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Author
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Holthus, P.F.
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Year
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1985
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Title
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A reef resource conservation and management plan for Ponape Island (Caroline Archipelago, Micronesia).
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Source
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p. 231-236. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Keywords
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Reefs, Conservation, Resource management, ICRS5
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Caption
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Abstract
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Ponape is the largest high island in the Caroline Archipelago and capital site of the newly
e_rging Federated States of Micronesia. It is alrost canpletely surrounded by a barrier reef, with
n\n1lerous passes, which encloses a deep lagoon. An extensive fringing reef, with seagrass beds and a
well developed mangrove forest, adjoins the island reef. The reef and lagoon resources of Ponape were
inventoried semi-quantitatively during a 2 month survey in 1984. Information was subsequently gathered
on traditional and subsistence use of reef resources, develop_nt activities and plans, and can_rcial
uses through interviews with fishermen, government officials, and business people. The use of Ponape's
reef resources is intensifying and conflicts are e_rging as population expands, modern, equip_nt
becanes available, and development pressures increase. Results indicate that, although most of the reef
and lagoon ecosysten of Ponape is in a relatively healthy state, specific prob1ans of reef degradation,
resource exploitation, and conflicts in use do exist. Among the most important reef management and
conservation considerations are:
-habitat destruction from reef flat dredging and filling,
-terrestrial sedi-ntation as a result of construction activities,
-habitat degradation from sand extraction,
-increased fishing pressure and over-fishing of preferred species,
-decreased water quality surrounding population centers, and
-preservation of reef habitats for subsistence fishing, recreational, tourist, and scientific
use.
These, and other, considerations are discussed in relation to the particulars of Ponape's
coral reef resources, their past uses, and present condition. A plan is proposed which canbines
existing management activities, subsistence requirements, development pressures, and conservation needs
into a manage-nt program for the reef and lagoon resources of Ponape. The applicability of previous
reef management efforts to the Ponape situation is discussed and the usefulness of the present study to
future reef resource conservation and manage_nt planning in other locations is touched upon.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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5.
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ICRS5
Halas, J.C.,
1985
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A unique mooring system for reef management in the Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary,
p. 237-342. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Author
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Halas, J.C.
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Year
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1985
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Title
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A unique mooring system for reef management in the Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary,
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Source
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p. 237-342. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Keywords
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Mooring system, Reefs, Resource management, Marine sanctuary, coral damage, ICRS5
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Caption
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Abstract
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A unique mooring buoy system, tested at French Reef in the Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary
in 1981, has been modified and expanded to help mitigate coral anchor damage on other reefs in the Key
Largo National Marine Sanctuary and at Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary. This extended mooring buoy
systen has been improved in order to increase its durability and to reduce maintenance time and
material costs. A smaller hydraulic drill, the Stanley IXO6, is now used for installation, and both
the buoy and attachment lines have been modified resulting in a simpler and RDre cost effective RDoring
system. A stainless steel eyebolt is cemented into a hole drilled into the substrate. A 3/4 inch
polypropylene doWnline is attached with a stainless steel shackle and extends upward through the center
of the buoy to a pick-up line. The downline is lightly weighted near the top to prevent excess scope
at the surface. The pick-up line is protected with a length of rubber hose to prevent chafing damage
from boat gunwales.
Mooring buoys have been enthusiastically accepted by the diving community at Key Largo and
Looe Key and have greatly reduced anchor damage. Observations of deployed boat anchors on high use
days when all the buoys were occupied confirm that coral anchor damage, varying from minor chain
contact to severe tissue abrasion and colony breakage, can be expected when llK>oring buoys are not
used. Increased visitation and accompanying anchor damage to corals are the basis for further
increasing the nlmoor of RDoring buoys in the Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary.
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Online Documents
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6.
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ICRS5
Warner, R.R.,
1985
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Alternative mating behaviors in a coral reef fish: a life-history analysis.
p. 145-150. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Author
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Warner, R.R.
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Year
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1985
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Title
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Alternative mating behaviors in a coral reef fish: a life-history analysis.
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Source
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p. 145-150. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Keywords
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icrs5 Thalassoma bifasciatum bluehead wrasse sex chmge
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Caption
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Abstract
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Our studies of the bluehead wrasse, Thalassoma bifasciatum, have revealed that females spawn
the year round at specific sites on the coral reefs where they permanently reside. Fenales tend to be
faithful to a particular site; on the average, 88% of an individual female's spawns are at a single
site (N = 304 fenales, 2535 matings). Mating sites may be occupied either by an aggregation of smaller
group-spawning males or by a large pair-spawning territorial male. While smaller females spawn at both
group and territorial sites, larger fenales (greater than 7Omm SL) tend only to mate in territories.
These data suggest that group-spawning females either have intrinsically different life
histories, or they change to pair-spawning when they become large. To distinguish these t~
possibilities, we documented the spawning behavior of 45 females, then recaptured them to record
life-history data. There were no apparent differences between the pair-spawners md group-spawners in
the following parameters: growth rate, fecundity changes with size, percent of body weight devoted to
gonad, body weight changes with size, or spawning frequency. Thus there is no reason to believe that
the absence of large group-spawners is due to mortality or slow growth, and it is probable that group
spawners shift to territorial mating when they grow large. Because of sex chmge, larger fenales can
eventually have the chance to become territorial males. Thus this shift to pair-spawning may represent
a first step in the process of attaining territorial status.
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Online Documents
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7.
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ICRS5
Veron, J.E.N.,
1985
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Aspects of the biogeography of hermatypic corals.
p. 83-88. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Author
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Veron, J.E.N.
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Year
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1985
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Title
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Aspects of the biogeography of hermatypic corals.
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Source
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p. 83-88. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Keywords
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Hermatypic corals, Biogeography, ICRS5
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Caption
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Abstract
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World-wide generic diversity of hermatypic corals is given in the fGrm of a contour map
canpiled fraIl all verified distribution records. The highest n.mber of genera is found in the reef
complexes of the central Indo-Pacific south to the southern Great Barrier Reef and north to the
northern Philippines. Eastwards across the Pacific there is a progressive decrease in diversity while
westwards across the Indian Ocean, diversity remains relatively constant, the 50 genera contour
extending from north-western Australia to the Red Sea. The Atlantic is ouch less rich in hermatypic
corals, most of which are confined to the Caribbean, with secondary centres occurring off Brazil and
the Gulf of Guinea.
Within areas of high diversity, only the distribution of corals around Australia is known at
species level, but this is clearly an indicator of more global patterns. All but 33 Australian species
are found on other central Indo-Pacific reefs and many range across the Indian Ocean to the Red Sea in
the west, and across the south Pacific islands in the east. 242 species (69 genera) occur at Ishigaki
Island (Ryukyu Island), all but 27 (5 genera) of which also occur on the Great Barrier Reef. A few, in
contrast, are restricted to particular localities, some to far-southern, non-reefal areas, others to
particuiar groups of reefs.
The origins of these distributions ~re summarised in terms of geological background, physical
environment and biological constraints. It is concluded that ocean surface circulation patterns and
temperatures are primarily responsible for present distribution patterns within the Indo-Pacific, a
conclusion discu~sed in relation to recent biogeographic theories.
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8.
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ICRS5
Munro, J.L. and D. McB. Williams,
1985
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Assessment and management of Coral Reef Fisheries: Biological, Environmental and socio-economic aspects,
p. 545-578. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Author
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Munro, J.L. and D. McB. Williams
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Year
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1985
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Title
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Assessment and management of Coral Reef Fisheries: Biological, Environmental and socio-economic aspects,
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Source
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p. 545-578. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Keywords
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Fisheries, Biological survey, Environmental assessment, Socio-economy, ICRS5
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Caption
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Abstract
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Online Documents
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No online document
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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9.
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ICRS5
Sale, P.F.,
1985
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Assessment and Management of Coral Reef Fisheries: Biological, Environmental and Socio-Economic Aspects: report of the discussion.
p. 579-581. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Author
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Sale, P.F.
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Year
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1985
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Title
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Assessment and Management of Coral Reef Fisheries: Biological, Environmental and Socio-Economic Aspects: report of the discussion.
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Source
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p. 579-581. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Keywords
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icrs5 coral reef fisheries
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Caption
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Abstract
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The authors opened discussion by briefly summarising the main points in their paper. Coral reefs
occurred predominantly in developing countries and coral reef fisheries were predominantly artesanal.
Fishery yields varied greatly from one region to another with an average of about 15 tonnes per kilometre
squared per year. However, coral reefs were so remote fran potential markets, that the yield possible if all
reefs were efficiently exploited would not be reached. Coral reef fisheries were multi-species fisheries
with all the problems for management that term implies.
Ecologists had until recently ignored demographic studies of reef fishes and had approached reef
fish canDllnities ass\DDing at intrinsically regulated equilibrium. In recent years there had been changes to
the ecological view of coral reef fishes, and it was now recognised that recruitment variablility was just
as pronounced in these species as in temperate species. Consequently, ecologists were now approaching coral
reef systems with an ass\DDption of non-equilibrial states. Substantially more information is necessary on
the extent in space and time of the variation in recruitment of coral reef species atd on the scale of
dispersal of larvae. A knowledge of natural mortality which would be obtained from ecological studies would
be useful in estimating potential yields of reef species.
Assessment of coral reef fisheries posed a number of problems. These related to the problems of
collecting catch data on artesanal fisheries and to the lack of confidence that single species approaches
would be useful in dealing with multi-species catches. A n\DDber of options for management of reef species
were presented in the paper and the choice among. these will inevitably vary from one location to another
depending on the aims of managell\~nt in the different areas.
Discussion of the paper centred on four major areas. First, a number of specific examples of reef
fisheries and fisheries management were introduced. Second, the need to validate, explore and extend current
fisheries methodology was discussed, as was the need to adequately test current ecological hypotheses on
dispersal and recruitment patterns. Thirdly, a major need was recognised for closer integration of
ecological and fisheries scientists interested in reef fish.. This would involve the possibility of
experimental testing of fisheries methodology. Finally, the need for public information and education in
implementing management procedures was recognised, as was the need to consider management of reef fisheries
in a broader corsI reef management context.
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10.
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ICRS5
Munro J.L. and D. Mc B. Williams,
1985
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Assessment and Management of Coral Reef Fisheries: Biological, Environmental and Socio-Economic Aspects: Seminar topic.
p. 545-578. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Author
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Munro J.L. and D. Mc B. Williams
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Year
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1985
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Title
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Assessment and Management of Coral Reef Fisheries: Biological, Environmental and Socio-Economic Aspects: Seminar topic.
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Source
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p. 545-578. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Keywords
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icrs5 coral reef fisheries
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Caption
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Abstract
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Coral reefs are a dominant feature of the shallow water marine environment in
almost all areas of the tropics~ which are remote from major upwellings or inflows of
freshwater. Additionally, as most tropical seas are bounded by developing countries with
relatively low levels of industrialisation, the fisheries conducted in these $eas are for the
most part of an artisanal or subsistence nature. Over the years conflicting opinions have
emerged concerning the productive potential of coral reef fisheries, mostly as a result ofi
different perceptions of what constitutes a desirable harvest, wnat fishes and invertebrates'
are to be included in the definition of a "coral reef fish" and different opinions about the
trophic ecology of the coral reef community and the productive processes. For example, Kearney
(1979) states that the tropical reef or lagoon environments of ~he Pacific habour a great
diversity of marine organisms but asserts that "the relative productivity of marketable fish
and other seafoods" is not great. In contrast, Marten & Polovina (1982) found that "the range
(of fish yields) is similar to that for other continental shelf fj,sheries, despite the higher
primary productivity of coral reefs". Perceptions about potential harvests from coral reefs
have also been clouded by the idea that coral reefs occur only in waters of low nutrient
content. While it is true that most reefs around oceanic islands or on seamounts are in
nutrient poor waters, this is not true of the waters flowing over the nearshore and mid-shelf
reefs of the Great Barrier Reef, within the Philippines and Indonesian archipeligoes, around
much of South-east Asia or of the waters bathing the entire eastern coasts of Africa and
Central America.
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11.
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ICRS5
Bagnis, R. and P.J. Scheuer,
1985
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Ciguatera and other reef seafood poisoning :conclusion
p. 497-504. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Author
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Bagnis, R. and P.J. Scheuer
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Year
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1985
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Title
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Ciguatera and other reef seafood poisoning :conclusion
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Source
|
p. 497-504. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Keywords
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icrs5 ciguatera coral reef fisheries
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Caption
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Abstract
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For the first time in the however already long story of the Coral Reef Congress, a special
attention was paid by the Organizing Colmnittee to ciguatera; fish poisoning as an important entity
of the coral reef life. Therefore the opportunity of these conclusions is taken to acknowledge
especially Professor B. SALVAT a;nd through him the organizing Committee, for ha;ving included a
symposium on ciguatera in the topics of the 5th International Coral Reef Congress. Acknowledgments
have to go subsequently also to the organizing team available 24 hours per day, and all
the participants who have contributed to make successful the symposium.
The participants came from Carribbea;n Islands, United States (Hawaii), Canad~, Australia,
French Polynesia. For reasons independant of their goodwill, announced Japanese scientists
could not attend the Congress ,as well as a part of Puerto Rico team.
The contributions dealt mainly with anthropological, epidemiological, ecotoxicological
microbiological, pharmacological and immunological features related to ciguatera fish poisoning.
An anthropological paper was first presented by K, LUOMALA. It was a thorough compilation
and scholarly review of 62 natives names of eels in Kiribati (formerly Gilbert and Ellice
Islands). Popular descriptions and scientific identifications as have been made, may serve as
a guide to collectors wishing to determine each atoll's or islet's local names. The presentation
of this glossary in the outline of the Ciguatera Symposium was justified as far as ciguatoxin
( CTX ), the major toxic compound involved in ciguatera fish poisoning, was isolated in
1967 from the moray eel G!1'"t1.othOJtax jdVa.n.i.C,U.6 by P.J. SCHEUER. The presented data gave the
results of an extensive work started in 1948.
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12.
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ICRS5
Caire, J.F., A. Raymond and R. Bagnis,
1985
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Ciguatera: a study of the setting up and the evolution of a Gambierdiscus toxicus population on an artificial substrate introduced to an atoll lagoon, with following associated ambiance factors,
p. 429-435. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
|
Author
|
Caire, J.F., A. Raymond and R. Bagnis
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Year
|
1985
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Title
|
Ciguatera: a study of the setting up and the evolution of a Gambierdiscus toxicus population on an artificial substrate introduced to an atoll lagoon, with following associated ambiance factors,
|
|
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Source
|
p. 429-435. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Keywords
|
Ciguatera, Gambierdiscus, Proliferation, ICRS5
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Caption
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Abstract
|
As part of the study of Gambierdiscus toxicus (G.T.), etiological agent of ihe Ciguatera,
there was a great interest to better understand setting up and proliferation conditions in natural
envirornnent. After the illUnersion, in the lagoon of MURUROA, French Polynesian atoll, of 400 small
sticky tape strips as "algae traps", we carried on, from July 1981 to August 1982 a daily numeration of
the Gambierdiscus toxicus cells fixed on each strip, and the measurement of envirornnental parameters
such as salinity, water tenperature, nutritive salts, A chlorophylle rate, _teorological para_ters.
To point out correspondances between the Gambierdiscus toxicus population evolution and that
of the other parameters their respective curves were established. Jointly a Principal Canponent
Analysis and a Factorial Correspondance Analysis were initiated. The observations made on the sampled
strips showed that after two to three months they began to be covered by macro-algae, bIt -haJ to
wait for four months for the first Gambierdiscus toxicus occurrence and eight to nine months for their
systematic presence. Then hundreds of Gambierdi~~ per grallUne of support algae were counted. A
weekly follow up during six weeks after August 1982 suggested a decrease of the population.
The global data analysis shows that the proliferation of Gambierdiscus toxicus has some
relationship with an increase of dissolved silicates rate, and also a correspondance with the 1011
salinities, water temperatures and sun radiance intensity. The development of Gambierdiscus toxicus
appears to be in correspondance with the water temperature and with SOlIe of the chemical variables.
Most of these data go in the way of those observed.!!!.~, but would have to be precised by new
experiments.
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|
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13.
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|
ICRS5
Bagnis, R., S. Chanteau, E. Chungue, J.H. Drollet, I. Lechat, A.M. Legrand, A. Pompon, C. Prieur, J. Roux and C. Tetaria,
1985
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Comparison of the cat bioassay, the mouse bioassay and the mosquito bioassay to detect ciguatoxicity in fish.
p. 491-496 In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
|
Author
|
Bagnis, R., S. Chanteau, E. Chungue, J.H. Drollet, I. Lechat, A.M. Legrand, A. Pompon, C. Prieur, J. Roux and C. Tetaria
|
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Year
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1985
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Title
|
Comparison of the cat bioassay, the mouse bioassay and the mosquito bioassay to detect ciguatoxicity in fish.
|
|
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Source
|
p. 491-496 In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
|
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Keywords
|
icrs5 ciguatera coral reef fisheries
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Caption
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Abstract
|
The purpose of the survey was to compare the results of the three bioassays routinely used in
Tahiti to detect the fish ciguatoxicity. Their respective interest to quantify the pathogenic risk
doses of ciguatoxin to humans was also pointed out. The survey dealt with 107 fishes consumed by about
500 people. Among the forlrer, 25 were involved in 107 documented cases of man poisoning. Correlations
between the three bioassays were moderate: r = 0.64 for cat bioassay-mouse bioassay pair (n = 111), r =
0.68 for the mouse bioassay-mosquito bioassay pair (n = 153), r = 0.59 for the cat bioassaY-1tDsqui£o
bioassay pair (n = 65). The cat appears as much more sensitive than the mouse or the mosquito, the
latter being twice less sensitive than the former. A cat-unit (CU) and a Aedes mosquito unit (AU) were
defined, with the following correspondances: 1 MU = 0.5 CU = 5.700 AU. ~verage allDunt of ciguatoxin
(CTX) per gram of fish (fg) able to make sick 507. of the consumers, was tentatively established. It
ranged from 0.15 to 1.25 ng according to the bioassay. From the Overaly'"data, the fishes were
distributed roughly into three classes: a) poisonous for at least 507. of the cgnsumers: 90 to 523 pg
CTX/fg, b) safe for all the consumers: 11 to 123 pg CTX/fg; c) borderline (intermediate doses).
|
|
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|
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14.
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|
ICRS5
Baggett, L.S. and T.J. Bright,
1985
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Coral recruitment at the East Flower Garden Reef, Northwestern Gulf of Mexico,
p. 379-384. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Author
|
Baggett, L.S. and T.J. Bright
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Year
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1985
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Title
|
Coral recruitment at the East Flower Garden Reef, Northwestern Gulf of Mexico,
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Source
|
p. 379-384. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Keywords
|
Coral recruitment, ICRS5 spawning
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Caption
|
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Abstract
|
Recruitment of Coral spat at the East Flower Garden reef (27°54' N, 93°36' W) was studied
using three arrays containing corrugated quarry tiles positioned vertically and horizontally. On the
reef, arrays were placed at 17.7 m and 18.3 m depths. Another array was attached at 19.8 m depth to a
platform 2.1 Ian southeast of the reef.
Spat of the families Agariciidae, Poritidae, and possibly others (in that order of abundance)
settled on the tiles at the reef site. Abundances of spat on the t~ reef arrays, which were 5 m apart
laterally, were significantly different, suggesting a strong small-scale location effect on
recruitment. No corals settled at the platform even though recruitment of other clear-water epibenthos
was substantial. This implies a scarcity of planulae from sources outside the reef itself and suggests
a predominantly localized coral recruitment pattern for the isolated reef system.
Coral spat recruitment was seasonal. Host occurred during the spring and summer, with little
during fall and winter.
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
15.
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|
ICRS5
Nasr, D.H.,
1985
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Coral reef conservation in Sudan,
p. 243-246. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
|
Author
|
Nasr, D.H.
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Year
|
1985
|
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Title
|
Coral reef conservation in Sudan,
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|
|
Source
|
p. 243-246. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
|
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Keywords
|
Coral reefs, Conservation, ICRS5
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Caption
|
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Abstract
|
The awareness of some Sudanese officials of the importance of coral reefs and their
conservation in the Sudan began in 1978; oot public awareness began to develop in 1980. A nunber of
factors were responsible for this awareness including the support of IUCN/WWF, activities of Sudan
Marine Conservation Canmittee (St£C) , the support of Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific
Organization (ALESCO) -PERSGA -after the signature of the Regional Conservation of the Environment
of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden and finally the scientific prograllllle of the Institute of
Oceanography in the field of pollution and conservation.
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
16.
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|
ICRS5
Glynn, P.W.,
1985
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|
Corallivore population sizes and feeding effects following El Niño (1982-83) associated coral mortality in Panama,
p. 183-188. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
|
Author
|
Glynn, P.W.
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Year
|
1985
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Title
|
Corallivore population sizes and feeding effects following El Niño (1982-83) associated coral mortality in Panama,
|
|
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Source
|
p. 183-188. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
|
|
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Keywords
|
El Niño, coral Bleaching, Predation, Coral mortality, ICRS5 sst
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Caption
|
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Abstract
|
Bouts of extensive coral bleaching (loss of zooxanthellae) were observed on coral reefs off
the Pacific coast of Panama, beginning in February and lasting until October, 1983. This disturbmce
was associated with a prolonged (5-6 months) period of abnormally high (30 and 31'C) mean sea surface
temperatures that accanpanied the severe ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) event of 1982-1983. Large
tracts (from 2-10 and up to 100-200 m ) of bleached corals, principally ramose species with high growth
rates (i.e. Pocillopora spp. and Millepora spp.), died 4-5 weeks following the bleaching event.
Overall coral mortality on the Uva Island patch reef amounted to about 501. of the total live coral
cover. Pre-1983 information on the population sizes and feeding activities of three important
corallivores has permitted detailed comparison of their responses to this distrubance. These
corallivores, and their pre-1983 population dens~ties (range of mean values) were: an ovulid gastropod
mullusk Jenneria pustulata (Lightfoot) -5-25 ind/m , an acanthasterid asteroid echinoderm Acanthaster
~ (Li2naeus) -1-28 ind/ha, and a tetraodontid pufferfish Arothron meleagris (Lacepede) -3-33
ind/1,000 m . Post-1983 populations ~f Jenneria were significantly smaller than before the disturbance, with
mean densities of 0-4 ind/m. Population densities of Acanthaster and Arothron before and after the
1983 event were not statistically different. The different responses by these species may have been a
debilitating effect of prolonged high water temperature on Jenneria, as evidenced from high snail
mortality with or without coral prey. Acanthaster and Arothron are wide-ranging predators and have
continued to feed on the dispersed, ,surviving coral prey. Thus, the relative effect of predation by
Acanthaster and Arothron has intensified. Additionally, the selective mortality and resulting spatial
distribution of corals surviving the 1983 disturbance have altered the availability of prey md allowed
access of predatory species to previously unavailable feeding sites.
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
17.
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|
ICRS5
Bagnis, R., J. Bennett, M. Barsinas, M. Chebret, G. Jacquet, I. Lechat, S. Chanteau, E. Chungue, J.H. Drollet, A.M. Legrand, Y. Mitermite, A. Pompon, A., S. Rongeras and C. Tetaria,
1985
|
|
|
|
|
Criteria of ciguateric risk evaluation in humans,
p. 475-482. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
|
Author
|
Bagnis, R., J. Bennett, M. Barsinas, M. Chebret, G. Jacquet, I. Lechat, S. Chanteau, E. Chungue, J.H. Drollet, A.M. Legrand, Y. Mitermite, A. Pompon, A., S. Rongeras and C. Tetaria
|
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|
Year
|
1985
|
|
|
Title
|
Criteria of ciguateric risk evaluation in humans,
|
|
|
Source
|
p. 475-482. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
|
|
|
Keywords
|
Ciguatera, ICRS5
|
|
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Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
Online Documents
|
No online document
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
|
|
|
|
18.
|
|
ICRS5
Dinesen, Z.D.,
1985
|
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|
|
|
Day-To-Day Management Of Capricornia, The First Section Of The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
p. 253-258. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
|
Author
|
Dinesen, Z.D.
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Year
|
1985
|
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Title
|
Day-To-Day Management Of Capricornia, The First Section Of The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
|
|
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Source
|
p. 253-258. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
|
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Keywords
|
icrs5 mpa marine protected area
|
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Caption
|
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Abstract
|
Following the passing of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act by the Australian Commonwealth
Government in 1975, the first section of the Marine Park to be zoned for management was the Capricornia
Section, at the southern extremity of the great Barrier Reef region. Capricornia includes some 30
reefs and shoals, plus a nunber of vegetated coral cays associated with 13 of the reefs, the majority
of these islands being Queensland National Parks. Day-to-day management of the Great Barrier Reef
Marine Park is carried out by the Queensland National Parks and Wildlife Service, under a special
arrangement whereby the Commonwealth Government provides initial capital funding, and 507. of operating
costs. The day-to-day management requirements are outlined in the Management Guidelines forlnllated
jointly by the Commonwealth and Queensland Governments.
Day-to-day management of Capricornia has been in operation since 1982. Management operations
include: (1) Education/information activities to increase public awareness of the marine park concept,
and of the natural history of the area, and to inform park users of details of the Zoning Plan and
Regulations relevant to their activities within the Section; (2) Surveillance of the area and surface patrols; (3) Deterrence, detection of infringements, and law enforcement of the Great
Barrier Reef Marine Park Act and various Queensland State legislation such as the Marine Parks Act, the
National Parks and Wildlife Act, and the Fauna Conservation Act; (4) Monitoring of the natural
resources of the park and of human usage patterns within the park; (5) Resource management activities
including the issue of permits, provision of public facilities, mid pest and weed control.
Aspects of these day-to-day management operations are discussed with reference to specific
examples.
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
19.
|
|
ICRS5
Gabrié, C., M. Porcher and A. Masson,
1985
|
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|
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Dredging in French Polynesian coral reefs: towards a general policy of resources exploitation and sites management,
p. 271-277. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
|
Author
|
Gabrié, C., M. Porcher and A. Masson
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Year
|
1985
|
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Title
|
Dredging in French Polynesian coral reefs: towards a general policy of resources exploitation and sites management,
|
|
|
Source
|
p. 271-277. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
|
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Keywords
|
Dredging, Stresses, Exploitation, Resource management, ICRS5
|
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Caption
|
|
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Abstract
|
In French Polynesia, the main source of materials, mainly for road development, has always
been the coral reefs, which have been stressed by dredging. In order to protect the reefs, we had to
propose effective management of available materials. On the request of the Equipment Service of French
Polynesia, a general study of the exploitation of marine and terrestrial aggregates from Tahiti island
was begun in 1984. The results of the study will allow the following:
-to draw up an inventory of the coral dredging activity on Tahiti. This inventory takes into
account the technical aspects, the physical, geomorphological and biological environment of the
dredgings, and their impact on the reefs.
-to propose a limited number of coral reef areas where dredging will be allowed, in order to
avoid the multiplication of small exploitations. The sites are chosen by taking into account the
environmental and economical constraints. They will be rationally managed, using exploitation
techniques which will reduce the damage on the reefs.
-to provide for development and restoration of damaged areas.
Parallel studies of the terrestrial environment allows the suggestion of the use of substitute
materials such as alluvial deposits, screes, colluviums, and basaltic rocks. The main exploitable
deposits, fran soil engineering and economic points of view, are defined. With regard to the predicted
impact on the terrestrial environment, the study specifies all the constraints for the exploitation of
those deposits, and proposes canpensatory measures of redevelopment.
This work is conducted jointly by engineers, scientists, economists and jurists. It is an
example of a general policy of exploitation of resources, based on the material needs of a region, and
aims to limit the stress on the natural environment.
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
20.
|
|
ICRS5
Marsh, J.A., D.E. Pendleton, S. de C. Wilkins and A. Hillman-Kitalong,
1985
|
|
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|
|
Effect on selected reef organisms of a potential seawater SO2 scrubber system at a power plant on Guam.
p. 177-182. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
|
Author
|
Marsh, J.A., D.E. Pendleton, S. de C. Wilkins and A. Hillman-Kitalong
|
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|
Year
|
1985
|
|
|
Title
|
Effect on selected reef organisms of a potential seawater SO2 scrubber system at a power plant on Guam.
|
|
|
Source
|
p. 177-182. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
|
|
|
Keywords
|
Power plant, SO2 scrubber system, Stresses, ICRS5 sulphur dioxide
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
A pilot-scale system which used seawater to absorb sulphur dioxide from the smokestack gas was
installed at a power plant on Guam. Seawater. effluent from the system, containing unburned hydrocarbons
in dissolved and particulate form, was used in acute and chronic bioassay tests on selected reef species.
Lethality tests were conducted on organisms exposed to undiluted scrubber effluent (adjusted
for pH) in aerated static tanks for 96 hours. These tests showed no differences in death rates between
experimental and control groups for adults and juveniles of the gastropod Trochus niloticus, the sea
urchin Echinometra mathaei, or the pomacentrid fish Dascyllus aruanus; for juveniles of siganid fish
Siganus spp.; for!. mathaei larvae; or for fragments of colonies of the coral Pocillopora damicornis.
Growth tests ranging from 17 to 70 days were conducted in flow-through tanks with various
dilutions of "pilot plant effluent" (scrubber effluent aerated and mixed with seawater in an approximate
1:7 ratio). These tests showed no statistically significant differences between experimental and
control groups for the phytoplankter Nannochloris sp. or the macrophytic red alga Gracilaria arcuata, or
for surviving juvenile T. niloticus and juvenile D. aruanus; the latter two species showed some
mortality at higher -;:[fluent concentrations. Theu was some mortality and significant reduction in
growth at higher effluent concentrations for!. damicornis and juvenile!. mathaei.
Respiration measurements on surviving juvenile T. niloticus and juvenile D. aruanus after
long-term exposure to various concentrations of the pil-;;-t plant effluent showed no significant effects.
There was possible reduction in respiration rates of juvenile E. mathaei at effluent concentrations of
50-1007.. Ratios of photosynthesis to respiration showed-significant reductions for G. arcuata after
long-term exposure to effluent concentrations of 50-1007.. -
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
21.
|
|
ICRS5
Birkeland, C., S.G. Nelson, S. Wilkins and P. Gates,
1985
|
|
|
|
|
Effects of grazing by herbivorous fishes on coral reef community metabolism,
p. 47-51. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
|
Author
|
Birkeland, C., S.G. Nelson, S. Wilkins and P. Gates
|
|
|
Year
|
1985
|
|
|
Title
|
Effects of grazing by herbivorous fishes on coral reef community metabolism,
|
|
|
Source
|
p. 47-51. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
|
|
|
Keywords
|
Grazing, Herbivorous fishes, Community metabolism, Coral community, ICRS5
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
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Paired sets of 4 uniform plexiglass fouling panels were set out at 7 sites at 8 metres depth
around Guam. One set of each pair was exposed to grazing by fishes while the other was protected in
fish-exclusion cages. At intervals ranging from 20 to 128 days, the panels were brought into the
laboratory where oxygen constmption (respiration) and oxygen production (primary production) were
measured. It was found that biomass, gross primary productivity, and net primary production per panel
all increased through time while the proportion of bicxnass which was organic (ash-free) and the net
primary production per gram dry weight decreased through time. Early in succession, the gross primary
productivity and the net primary productivity per panel, the proportion of bicxnass that was organic,
the net primary production per gram dry weight, and the ratio of gross primary productivity to respiration were all significantly higher for ccxnnlnities on exposed panels than for those on protected
panels. As time advanced, the rates of these processes converged between communities exposed to and
protected from grazing.
This study was designed to distinguish between two alternative hypotheses: whether grazing
sets back succession and stinllates greater rates of productivity or whether it speeds up succession
and reduces rates of productivity. We found the hypotheses were not alternatives, but rather
descriptions of two processes with the effects of the former process IIDre pronounced early in
succession, within fish territories and perhaps produced by generalised grazing and/or weeding, while
the effects of the latter process appeared as succession progressed, and these effects were probably
produced by selective grazing.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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22.
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ICRS5
Russ, G.,
1985
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Effects of protective management on coral reef fishes in the Central Philippines,
p. 219-224. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Author
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Russ, G.
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Year
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1985
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Title
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Effects of protective management on coral reef fishes in the Central Philippines,
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Source
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p. 219-224. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Keywords
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Resource management, Reef fishes, ICRS5
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Caption
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Abstract
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This study has collected information on the species richness and abundance of coral reef fishes at three study sites in three locations in the central Visayas, Philippines. The locations were Sumilon :
Island near Cebu, Apo Island near Negros, Balicasag Island near Bohol. A modified combination of two "techniques of visual census were used to make assessments of both the overall cannunity structure of the .
assemblage of fishes and the abundance of fishes considered as favoured 'targets' of fishermen.
Only one of the study sites has had effective, long-term protective management in the form of i;:total absence of fishing. This site, the steep slope reserve on the western side of Sumilon Island, had a significantly higher abundance (nlll\ber) of fishes than all other sites, the highest species richness (\of all the sites and the highest abundance of many species considered to be highly favoured 'targets' of
fishermen including a significantly higher standing crop of serranids (groupers) than all of the other sites. The latter result is of interest because the abundance of serranids is considered to be a good indicator of fishing pressure on coral reefs. It cannot be clailred that protective management is the of the high abundance and species richness of fishes at this site. In fact, the area was chosen as i,"
the site for a marine reserve because it possessed such characteristics. However, considering the very ("high fishing pressure on most Philippine coral reefs it could be argued strongly that protective
management has been very important in maintaining the high abundance of many of the species of fishes.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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25.
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ICRS5
Escalona de Motta, G. and G.G. de la Noceda,
1985
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Epidemiological, clinical and experimental aspects of ciguatera in Puerto Rico,
p. 415. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Author
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Escalona de Motta, G. and G.G. de la Noceda
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Year
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1985
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Title
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Epidemiological, clinical and experimental aspects of ciguatera in Puerto Rico,
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Source
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p. 415. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).
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Keywords
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Ciguatera, Epidemiology, Research, ICRS5
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Caption
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Abstract
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We surveyed the emergency room records of 10 hospitals in San Juan Metropolitan area and two fishing coastal towns, to assess the recent epidemiology of ciguatera in Puerto Rico. One hundred
cases involving 195 individ~als were identified from 1980 to 1982 where at least one individual per
case presented both the gastrointestinal and the neurological symptoms of ciguatera within 24 hrs
after the ingestion of local fish. Accordingly, an estimate of the annual incidence of ciguatera in
Puerto Rico ~uld be 90 cases per 10,000 residents. B~racuda was the mst frequently toxic fish in
both coastal towns (50%) while hogfish and grouper represented 78~ of the toxic fish consumed in San
Juan. Gastrointestinal symptoms appeared approximately 4 hrs after fish ingestion and persisted 6 hrs
to 4 days. Neurological symptoms appeared 8 to 72 hrs after fish consumption being still present for
several months in 20.,. of those affected.. Clinical data from 46 victims showed blood pressures belOli
100/70 (mmHg) and temperatures between 36.4 and 34.4 C occurring in 75% of these individuals within the
first 24 hrs.
A 1 kg sample of barracuda from an identified ciguatera case was processed for isolation of
ciguatoxin. A culture of G. toxicus was similarly processed. Three toxic fractions, were obtained and
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applied (1 ug/ml, final concentration) to frog (!.:- pipiens) sartorius and crayfish (!!:.:- lanipes)
ventroabdominal flexor nuscles while recording the resting mEmbrane potential with intracellular
electrodes. No change in the average resting potentials was observed after 30 min. Crayfish fibers
showed slow contractions and hyperpolarized by 20 mV in the presence of the toxic fractions and high
Ca. Frequency of the spontaneous miniature endplate potentials (mepps) at the frog motor endplate
increased by 25% in the presence of 0.5 to 1 ug/ml of the fish fraction and the ether soluble G.
toxicus fraction but no increase in mepps frequency was apparent using the water soluble fractio;.
These preliminary observations suggest that these toxic fractions may increase the availability of
intracellular Ca ions.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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