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Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress, 1985
The Fifth International Coral Reef Symposium was conducted by The "Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" (National Museum of Natural History) and the "Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes" (Practical School of Advanced Studies) in Tahiti, French Polynesia, from 27th May to 1st June, 1985.

About 600 participants registered at the symposium, representing 44 countries. Approximately 400 papers were presented and 208 papers were published in 6 volumes proceedings of the symposium.

Search Result: 421 records

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Last

ICRS5
Lewis, J.B., E.B. Gladfelter and D.W. Kinsey, 1985

Metabolism, Calcification and Carbon Production: Seminar discussion.

p. 497-504. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).

Author

Lewis, J.B., E.B. Gladfelter and D.W. Kinsey

Year

1985

Title

Metabolism, Calcification and Carbon Production: Seminar discussion.

Source

p. 497-504. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).

Keywords

icrs5 organic carbonate productivity physiology of coral reef organism

Caption

Abstract

We have considered the concept of "metabolism" from the level of biogeochemical fluxes through the ecosystem to the growth rates and metabolic rates of individual organisms. The anatomy and physiology of the coral/skeleton and coral/zooxanthe11ae relationships have been considered as well as concepts of the "anatomy" (zonal relationships) and "physiology" (nutrient recycling and controls) within total reef systems. It was not our purpose to address metabolism in the true biochemical sense and this subject has not been reviewed. We have considered the controlling influences of a number of ambient parameters in tne reefal environment. It is clear that ligllt relationships are proving of the greatest significance to our better understanding of coral reef function at all levels. Perhaps, the most interesting cOnclusion, because of its apparently contradictory implications, concerns nutrient levels as metal?olic rate controls. Kinsey has concluded that (of the major nutrients) phosphate is likely always to be the most limiting to total system productivity, whereas Gladfelter has concluded that nitrogen is most usually limiting. This would seem to be an area where positive resolution miYht be sought at tne Fiftn Congress Seminar. The role of circulation within the reef water mass is stressed as extremely important from the level of boundary layers in proximity to living organisms, to overall circulation in lagoons and across continental shelves. The importance of seasonality is clear in studies at all levels. However, there seem to be many complex considerations with respect to the influence of latitude. Overall, reef systems seem to exhibit little functional difference over a wide range of latitude. By contrast, many specific organisms exhibit clear latitudinal trends. This would seem to be not so much a contradiction as to reflect shifts in community structure with latitude. However, the subject would seem to be one with considerable scope for further intensive consideration. The seasonality of mass accretion in both individual orga.nisms.and total reef framework ~as been given considerable attention. There is much scope 1n th1S area for further extens1ve collaboration with geologists.

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ICRS5
Fadlallah, Y.H., 1985

Reproduction in the coral {Pocillopora} {verrucosa} on the reefs adjacent to the industrial city of Yanbu (Red Sea, Saudi Arabia).

p. 313-318. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).

Author

Fadlallah, Y.H.

Year

1985

Title

Reproduction in the coral {Pocillopora} {verrucosa} on the reefs adjacent to the industrial city of Yanbu (Red Sea, Saudi Arabia).

Source

p. 313-318. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).

Keywords

Coral, Reproduction, Pocillopora, ICRS5 coral spawning recruitment

Caption

Abstract

Results of a one year study on the mode and timing of reproduction in the Red Sea coral Pocillopora verrucosa are presented. Monthly samples were obtained from six coral reef sites along a stretch of coast adjacent to the Industrial City of Yanbu, Saudi Arabia, as part of an environmental study. P. verrucosa at Yanbu was hermaphroditic with a short annual cycle of gametogenesis in spring which maybe triggered by rising sea water temperature in March and April. Broadcast spawning occured on or around new moon at the end of May in 1984. P. verrucosa is a broadcaster in contrast to its congener the brooding ~ d~icornis. The conseq~nces of these contrasting reproductive strategies are discussed.

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ICRS5
Bay, D., Falconetti, C. & Jaubert, J., 1985

"In situ" metabolism of two species of Caulerpa (Chlorophyta) in the lagoon of the atoll of Takapoto (French Polynesia).

p. 649-654. In: C. Gabrie and M. Harmelin (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 6: Miscellaneous Paper (B).

Author

Bay, D., Falconetti, C. & Jaubert, J.

Year

1985

Title

"In situ" metabolism of two species of Caulerpa (Chlorophyta) in the lagoon of the atoll of Takapoto (French Polynesia).

Source

p. 649-654. In: C. Gabrie and M. Harmelin (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 6: Miscellaneous Paper (B).

Keywords

ICRS5 Caulerpa urvilliana Caulerpa bikiniensis

Caption

Abstract

Global metabolic activity of two Caulerpa of TAKAPOTO lagoon: Caulerpa urvilliana Montagne and Caulerpa bikiniensis Taylor have been measured.!!!. ~ by incubation in respirometer system with oxygen probe. Net ~hotosynthesis (y) in mg 02 .g-1 .h-l as a function of light intensity (x) in E/m2 .h is: y = 2.4 x -1.13 at -2 m, and y = 6.2 x -1.13 at -10 m for Caulerpa urvilliana Montagne and y = 36.6 x -2.18 at -26 m for Caulerpa bikiniensis Taylor. Comparison of these results with value of surface light intensities and irradiance profile at different depths gave us an estimation of the organic matter turn-over: 35 and 23 days for Caulerpa urvilliana Montagne at -2 m and -10 m, and 19 days for Caulerpa bikiniensisTaylor at -26 m.

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ICRS5
Blank, R.J. and R.K. Trench, 1985

{Symbiodinium} {microadriaticum}: a single species?

p. 113-118. In: C. Gabrie and M. Harmelin (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 6: Miscellaneous Paper (B).

Author

Blank, R.J. and R.K. Trench

Year

1985

Title

{Symbiodinium} {microadriaticum}: a single species?

Source

p. 113-118. In: C. Gabrie and M. Harmelin (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 6: Miscellaneous Paper (B).

Keywords

ICRS5

Caption

Abstract

The symbiotic dinoflagellates isolated from the jellyfish Cassiopeia and the anemone Condylactis were described as Symbiodinium microadriaticum Freudenthal, 1962. Since that time, the tendency among investigators of symbioses involving algae that superficially conformed to descriptions of S. microadriaticum has been to regard all such algal symbionts as being conspecific, regardless of their geographic origins or the invertebrate hosts with which they associate. More recently, a variety of independent studies have uncovered stable and fundamental differences among the algae called S. microadriaticum originating from different host invertebrates from the Atlantic and the Indo-Pacific. Differences in isoenzymes, sterol ccxnposition, form and structure of the light-harvesting peridinin-chlorophyll ~-protein complexes, morphology, infectivity, circadian rhythmicity of motility and photoadaptive physiology have been documented. The observed differences, though strongly suggestive, did not provide conclusive evidence that the different algal populations represented different species, so they have been regarded as different strains within the same species. Resolution of the species problem has been hampered by a lack of genetic evidence. We have now conducted morphometric studies on the nuclei and chromosomes of S. microadriaticum isolated from the jellyfish Cassiopeia xamachana, the anemone Heteractis ~- (both from the Caribbean), the anemone Anthopleura elegantissima and the coral Montipora verrucosa (both from the Pacific). The analyses were based on three-dimensional reconstruction of nuclei after ultra-thin serial sectioning and electron microscopy. The data show that the different algal isolates possess different chromosome numbers and different chromosome and nuclear volumes. The simplest explanation for the observations is that, if - continue to regard the algae from Cassiopeia as ~. microadriaticum as the rules of taxonomy would dictate, then the other algae represent different species. The differences in chromosome numbers and volumes suggest a strong likelihood of severe cytogenetic problems should these algae exchange genetic materials during sexual reccxnbination. All the differences observed, when taken together, are consistent with the algae being different species in the context of the evolutionary species concept.

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ICRS5
Chavez, E.A., E. Hidalgo and M.A. Izaguirre, 1985

A comparative analysis of Yucatan coral reefs.

p. 355-360. In: C. Gabrie and M. Harmelin (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 6: Miscellaneous Paper (B).

Author

Chavez, E.A., E. Hidalgo and M.A. Izaguirre

Year

1985

Title

A comparative analysis of Yucatan coral reefs.

Source

p. 355-360. In: C. Gabrie and M. Harmelin (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 6: Miscellaneous Paper (B).

Keywords

Coral reefs, Survey, ICRS5

Caption

Abstract

An ecological survey was undertaken in five coral reefs around Yucatan (Arcas Arenas Triangulos, Alacranes and Chinchorro). Nutrients were measured at the water column and the ben~hos wa~ sampled by point quarter method. There were no significant changes in water quality in and out of each coral reef; however, at the southernllk>st part of Chinchorro Bank, the N:P ratio suggests an upwelling nearby. Two out of the five coral reefs studied (Alacran and Chinchorro) show a well formed lagoon as well as the highest development and habitat diversity. Data analysis leads to the interpreation according to which the ridge growth rate is not the same in all places. In the evolution of these coral reef cannunities, the ridge growth is very important at the east and southeast margins with Acropora palmata as the most active element at the uppermost level which often reaches the sea surface; further on there is a slope (spur and groove characteristics) where calcareous algae grows actively, sharing the biotope with Millepora complanata, Gorgonia flabellum and Agaricia agaricites. The slope leads to a terrace at 15 to 25m. The!. palmata and calcareous algal growth is passive at the reef margins on the north, west and south sides and Montastrea annularis, Gorgonia flabellum, Agaricia agaricites and Briareum asbestinum are the dominant species of the community. On these margins the formation of ridges is unusual, there are no spurs and grooves and the terrace may not be well defined. The lagoons are usually formed as a consequence of a scarce coral growth in protected areas playing role as deposits of sediments released on the east ridges. Cayo Arcas which holds an oil punping station has been subjected to considerable environmental stress, which is reflected in the biota. It offers a potenti~l for IIk>nitoring how reefs are affected by these human activities.

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ICRS5
Muscatine, L., L.R. McCloskey and Y. Loya, 1985

A comparison of the growth rates of zooxanthellae and animal tissue in the Red Sea coral Stylophora pistillata.

p. 119-124. In: C. Gabrie and M. Harmelin (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 6: Miscellaneous Paper (B).

Author

Muscatine, L., L.R. McCloskey and Y. Loya

Year

1985

Title

A comparison of the growth rates of zooxanthellae and animal tissue in the Red Sea coral Stylophora pistillata.

Source

p. 119-124. In: C. Gabrie and M. Harmelin (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 6: Miscellaneous Paper (B).

Keywords

ICRS5

Caption

Abstract

Of the net carbon fixed daily by zooxanthellae in the Red Sea coral Stylophora pistillata, more than 95% is translocated to the host animal tissue. Of that amount, a fraction is respired by the animal, satisfying 100% of its maintenance respiration needs. The remainder is potentially available for assimilation. The percent contribution of this fraction to animal growth is not easily canputed because of the difficulty of measuring coral animal tissue growth rates. From a large data set on mean geometric radius of~. pistillata vs. time, we established corresponding surface areas v. time, and knowing the standing stock of animal tissue per unit surface area, were able to calculate the specific growth rate of animal tissue. From these data, the contribution of translocated carbon to animal growth was calculated. Values will be presented and their implications with respect to zooxanthellae expulsion, digestion, and other losses from corals will be discussed.

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ICRS5
McCloskey, L.R., L.D. Aamodt and W.D. Hazelton, 1985

A computer-controlled respirometer for monitoring production and respiration of symbiotic organisms in situ.

p. 137-143. In: C. Gabrie and M. Harmelin (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 6: Miscellaneous Paper (B).

Author

McCloskey, L.R., L.D. Aamodt and W.D. Hazelton

Year

1985

Title

A computer-controlled respirometer for monitoring production and respiration of symbiotic organisms in situ.

Source

p. 137-143. In: C. Gabrie and M. Harmelin (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 6: Miscellaneous Paper (B).

Keywords

ICRS5 photosynthetically active radiation daily oxygen flux

Caption

Abstract

A microcomputer-controlled underwater apparatus was designed and utilized to continuously monitor photosynthetically active radiation and daily oxygen flux in marine photoautotrophic organisms. The respirometer employs precision polarographic dissolved oxygen probes, a semi-closed flushing system, and a microcanputer data acquisition system which also controls flushing frequency. Four organisms can be monitored simulataneously, each in an optically pure quartz glass respiration chamber. The apparatus is 12 volt DC powered and can be used in a stand alone mode for up to 26 hours. When connected by hardwire to another microcomputer at the surface, the system can be left ~ situ for several weeks, and in this mode, continuous monitoring of the experiments is possible. -The respirometer consists of three separate housing modules --to facilitate deployment in the field and minimize potential damage in the event of flooding --and is constructed of corrosion-resistant alwninwn, stainless steel, and 1exan. t-k>lded rubber watertight electrical connections are used, and p1wnbing is machined within the housing walls. Most of the operational canponents are can~rcially obtained and unmodified; consequently repair and rep1ace~nt is simplified. The electronics are dependable and programmable, permitting remarkable flexibility in experiment design. Three respiration chamber sizes permit a variety of experi~nta1 organisms to be tested. The system was designed and used expressly for monitoring productivity and respiration in symbiotic Cnidarians, but is suitable for other marine ol"ganisms. Details of construction and schematics are provided, together with suggestions for possible modification and adaptation of the system.

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ICRS5
Gilmour, A. and W. Craik, 1985

A Framework For Monitoring The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park.

p. 265-270. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).

Author

Gilmour, A. and W. Craik

Year

1985

Title

A Framework For Monitoring The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park.

Source

p. 265-270. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).

Keywords

icrs5 mpa marine protected area

Caption

Abstract

The current position in the development of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park is briefly outlined noting a proposed canpletion by 1988. Monitoring is defined and the conceptual background reviewed in the light of some recent literature. The legislative basis for a monitoring program is noted. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park ~ 1975 defines the Great Barrier Reef Region and a process for the develo~ of zonT;"i""" ~ ~ associated regulations, for sections of the Marine Park which provide the underlying frame~rk for its management. The zoning plans provide a number of zones which have defined objectives, provisions for entry to, and use of each zone which may include a requirement to apply for a permit for particular uses in a zone. In developing a monitoring program for the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park four specific objectives have been defined related to effectiveness of zoning plans, health of the reef, impact of the zoning plan on the reef, on users and on the local economy. Through a series of matrices each objective has been considered and techniques identified to enable measurements of parameters relevant to the objective. The technique is described and the outcome is discussed in the context of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park.

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ICRS5
Olsen-Stojkovitch, J., 1985

A phylogenetic look at selected genera in the Siphonocladales/Cladophorales complex using immunological data.

Proc. Fifth Inter. Coral Reef Congress, Tahiti 5:59-64. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).

Author

Olsen-Stojkovitch, J.

Year

1985

Title

A phylogenetic look at selected genera in the Siphonocladales/Cladophorales complex using immunological data.

Source

Keywords

ICRS5 algae

Caption

Abstract

The Siphonocladales/Cladophorales complex is comprised of about 20 genera ranging from mono typic to SOlie reportedly containing 1200 species. Recent phylogenetic investigations have used an ultrastructural approach which has proven powerful at the ordinal level and above but does not seem to be able to resolve differences among genera and species within those orders. Furthermore, morphological simplicity and plasticity among characters suggests that convergent evolution has occurred thus limiting usefulness of traditional morphologic analyses for phylogenetic reconstruction. To provide a new and independent line of inquiry within the order, a survey is now underway utilizing imnunological distance data which tests current ideas about relationships among species and genera. Unlike more traditional immunological methods, solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) is both highly quantitative and sensitive to low levels of protein. Antibodies produced in response to soluble protein fractions of whole plant extracts are used in both standard cross-reaction and inhibition experinents. Phylogenetic trees are then constructed using the Fitch and Margoliash nethod, a modified UPGMA clustering algorithm producing a minimal length tree. To date, 48 antibodies have been prepared against 31 species. Although the study is not yet complete, several patterns of relationships among taxa are already apparent: Dictyosphaeria is more closely related to Siphonocladus than Valonia; Caldophoropsis is closely related to Boodlea and Struvea, and not Cladophora; and Cladophora appears to be a form genus with species alliances to other genera in the group. In surmary, trends in the data support a fusion of the two orders and a greater understanding of the relationships among these common reef flat algae is at hand.

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10.

ICRS5
Emara, H.I., M.I. El Samra, K.Z. El Deeb and I.F. Ahmed, 1985

A preliminary study of the chemical characteristics of coral reef areas in the Qatari waters (Gulf area),

p. 13-16. In: C. Gabrie and M. Harmelin (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 6: Miscellaneous Paper (B).

Author

Emara, H.I., M.I. El Samra, K.Z. El Deeb and I.F. Ahmed

Year

1985

Title

A preliminary study of the chemical characteristics of coral reef areas in the Qatari waters (Gulf area),

Source

p. 13-16. In: C. Gabrie and M. Harmelin (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 6: Miscellaneous Paper (B).

Keywords

Chemistry, Coral reefs, Survey, ICRS5

Caption

Abstract

Qatar is a peninsula on the western side of the Arabian Gulf. The bottom of the eastern coast of Qatar consists of sand, shells and gravels interspaced with coral reefs. Eight species of coral have been identified in the Qatari waters, namely Acropora, Platygyra sp. (very common), Montipora sp., Pavona sp., Porites sp., Favia sp., Psammocora sp., Turbinaria sp. Oxygen, pH and nutrients were studied in Qatari wate-r-;-d-;:;-ring winter and summer seasons of 1983-1984. The study showed a higher than average concentration of oxygen, inorganic nitrogen, silicate during winter than that of summer, while phosphate revealed a reverse trend. Compared to the off-shore waters, high concentrations of nitrate and nitrite were observed at the coral reef areas in the south eastern part of Qatar coast during the summer season. The calculated atomic ratio of P:N:Si showed values fluctuating from 1:3.8:40.8 during winter to 1:1.7:16.4 during the sunmer season. A high N:P ratio was found particularly in areas of coral reefs.

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11.

ICRS5
Holthus, P.F., 1985

A reef resource conservation and management plan for Ponape Island (Caroline Archipelago, Micronesia).

p. 231-236. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).

Author

Holthus, P.F.

Year

1985

Title

A reef resource conservation and management plan for Ponape Island (Caroline Archipelago, Micronesia).

Source

p. 231-236. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).

Keywords

Reefs, Conservation, Resource management, ICRS5

Caption

Abstract

Ponape is the largest high island in the Caroline Archipelago and capital site of the newly e_rging Federated States of Micronesia. It is alrost canpletely surrounded by a barrier reef, with n\n1lerous passes, which encloses a deep lagoon. An extensive fringing reef, with seagrass beds and a well developed mangrove forest, adjoins the island reef. The reef and lagoon resources of Ponape were inventoried semi-quantitatively during a 2 month survey in 1984. Information was subsequently gathered on traditional and subsistence use of reef resources, develop_nt activities and plans, and can_rcial uses through interviews with fishermen, government officials, and business people. The use of Ponape's reef resources is intensifying and conflicts are e_rging as population expands, modern, equip_nt becanes available, and development pressures increase. Results indicate that, although most of the reef and lagoon ecosysten of Ponape is in a relatively healthy state, specific prob1ans of reef degradation, resource exploitation, and conflicts in use do exist. Among the most important reef management and conservation considerations are: -habitat destruction from reef flat dredging and filling, -terrestrial sedi-ntation as a result of construction activities, -habitat degradation from sand extraction, -increased fishing pressure and over-fishing of preferred species, -decreased water quality surrounding population centers, and -preservation of reef habitats for subsistence fishing, recreational, tourist, and scientific use. These, and other, considerations are discussed in relation to the particulars of Ponape's coral reef resources, their past uses, and present condition. A plan is proposed which canbines existing management activities, subsistence requirements, development pressures, and conservation needs into a manage-nt program for the reef and lagoon resources of Ponape. The applicability of previous reef management efforts to the Ponape situation is discussed and the usefulness of the present study to future reef resource conservation and manage_nt planning in other locations is touched upon.

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12.

ICRS5
Equipe de projet E.T.M., 1985

A survey of the outer reef slope in the vicinity of the proposed site for an OTEC power plant at Tahiti (French Polynesia) (Abstract),

p. 12. In: C. Gabrie, J.L. Toffart and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings of the 5th International Coral Reef Congress. Antenne Museum-EPHE, Tahiti, French Polynesia 2.

Author	Equipe de projet E.T.M.

Year	1985

Title	A survey of the outer reef slope in the vicinity of the proposed site for an OTEC power plant at Tahiti (French Polynesia) (Abstract),

Source	p. 12. In: C. Gabrie, J.L. Toffart and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings of the 5th International Coral Reef Congress. Antenne Museum-EPHE, Tahiti, French Polynesia 2.

Keywords	Survey, Power plant, Resource management, Stresses, ICRS5

Caption

Abstract

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13.

ICRS5
Zablackis, E.K., 1985

A taxonomic investigation of the genus Scinaia (Rhodophyta) in Hawaii.

p. 89-94. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).

Author

Zablackis, E.K.

Year

1985

Title

A taxonomic investigation of the genus Scinaia (Rhodophyta) in Hawaii.

Source

p. 89-94. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).

Keywords

ICRS5 Algae

Caption

Abstract

Scinaia furcata is described as a new species in a genus of red algae that occurs in temperate and subtropical waters. The genus has a wide distribution, and Scinaia furcata becomes the second species in the central Pacific. The previously reported Hawaiian species, Scinaia hormoides, dlfferes from Scinaia furcata in having constricted segments. The details of the spermatangia, carpogonia and gonimoblasts are discussed. S. furcata is compared to two closely related species from the group Cylindricae.

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14.

ICRS5
Bourrouilh-Le Jan, F.G., Y. Albouy and Y. Benderitter, 1985

A tool for a better knowledge of an atoll: the magnetic field at Clipperton Island (E-NE Pacific); geophysical and geological results,

p. 407-412. In: C. Gabrie and M. Harmelin (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 6: Miscellaneous Paper (B).

Author

Bourrouilh-Le Jan, F.G., Y. Albouy and Y. Benderitter

Year

1985

Title

A tool for a better knowledge of an atoll: the magnetic field at Clipperton Island (E-NE Pacific); geophysical and geological results,

Source

p. 407-412. In: C. Gabrie and M. Harmelin (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 6: Miscellaneous Paper (B).

Keywords

Magnetic field, Geophysics, ICRS5

Caption

Abstract

The variations of the magnetic field on an atoll surface (Clipperton Island, almost-atoll), point out the setting, spreading and deepness of volcanic masses in a coral accunulation md Uk>re precisely at Clipperton, the presence in deepness of magnetic and volcanic masses greater than the trachyte outcrop.

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15.

ICRS5
Halas, J.C., 1985

A unique mooring system for reef management in the Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary,

p. 237-342. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).

Author

Halas, J.C.

Year

1985

Title

A unique mooring system for reef management in the Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary,

Source

p. 237-342. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).

Keywords

Mooring system, Reefs, Resource management, Marine sanctuary, coral damage, ICRS5

Caption

Abstract

A unique mooring buoy system, tested at French Reef in the Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary in 1981, has been modified and expanded to help mitigate coral anchor damage on other reefs in the Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary and at Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary. This extended mooring buoy systen has been improved in order to increase its durability and to reduce maintenance time and material costs. A smaller hydraulic drill, the Stanley IXO6, is now used for installation, and both the buoy and attachment lines have been modified resulting in a simpler and RDre cost effective RDoring system. A stainless steel eyebolt is cemented into a hole drilled into the substrate. A 3/4 inch polypropylene doWnline is attached with a stainless steel shackle and extends upward through the center of the buoy to a pick-up line. The downline is lightly weighted near the top to prevent excess scope at the surface. The pick-up line is protected with a length of rubber hose to prevent chafing damage from boat gunwales. Mooring buoys have been enthusiastically accepted by the diving community at Key Largo and Looe Key and have greatly reduced anchor damage. Observations of deployed boat anchors on high use days when all the buoys were occupied confirm that coral anchor damage, varying from minor chain contact to severe tissue abrasion and colony breakage, can be expected when llK>oring buoys are not used. Increased visitation and accompanying anchor damage to corals are the basis for further increasing the nlmoor of RDoring buoys in the Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary.

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16.

ICRS5
Rabesandratana, H.V., 1985

About some reef utilizations in Madagascar.

p. 661-668. In: C. Gabrie and M. Harmelin (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 6: Miscellaneous Paper (B).

Author

Rabesandratana, H.V.

Year

1985

Title

About some reef utilizations in Madagascar.

Source

p. 661-668. In: C. Gabrie and M. Harmelin (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 6: Miscellaneous Paper (B).

Keywords

Reefs, Resource use, ICRS5 building block slag

Caption

Abstract

The coral reefs of Madagascar, located in particular on the west coast, extend for a total length of IIPre than a thousand kilo~tres. Their lagoon or post-reef channel is used as a means of communication. At Nosy Be and Tolaria, the reefs attract a large number of tourists. The massive madreporites, such as Porites somaliensis, are sometimes used as building blocks or as slag for drains. In certain areas broken shells of large size are used to make quicklime. Certain species of edible algae can be cultured (genus Eucheuma); and some molluscs are used as a source of food. These include gasteropods of the genera Fasciolaria, ~ and~; the bivalves Gafrarium pectinatum and Meleagrina margaritifera. ~ marmoratus and ~ margaritifera are particularly sort after for their mother-of-pearl, and Cypraeacassis ~ for the manufacture of cameos in Europe. Amongst the molluscs the cephalopods, Octopus and ~ are fished for local consumption or export. Amongst the crustacea, small shrimps are fished and occasionally the lobster Panulirus pencillatus. The common echinoid, Tripneustes gratilla is taken for its gonads. The holothurians (Holothuria scabra, Holothuria tubulosa, Thelenota ananas) are of concern to Asiatic countries which exported from 5 tonnes (1982) to 56 tonnes (1981). Fi"Sh are also taken for local consunption and for export. The marine turtles, Eretmochelys imbricata, Chelonia~, are similarly hunted. Thus, coral reefs playa role in socio-economic activities of some countries as the canll11nities they support provide the human population with a source of food, aswell as economic and industrial resources of some importance.

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17.

ICRS5
Zimmerman, L.S. & Cuffey, R.J., 1985

Acanthoclad-Fenestrate-Trepostome frame-thickets (Permian, West Texas), a model for late Paleozoic Bryozoan reefs.

p. 587-592. In: C. Gabrie and M. Harmelin (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 6: Miscellaneous Paper (B).

Author

Zimmerman, L.S. & Cuffey, R.J.

Year

1985

Title

Acanthoclad-Fenestrate-Trepostome frame-thickets (Permian, West Texas), a model for late Paleozoic Bryozoan reefs.

Source

p. 587-592. In: C. Gabrie and M. Harmelin (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 6: Miscellaneous Paper (B).

Keywords

ICRS5 Permian limestone blocks

Caption

Abstract

Twenty-six Permian limestone blocks, from 17 localities in the Glass Mountains, west Texas, were acid-etched to reveal silicified bryozoan patch reef-thickets <1 m high. These small Wolfcampian and Leonardian bioherms, located basinward below the larger reefal banks rimming the Permian Basin, consist of dense tangles of fragile silicified bryozoar. colonies, infi11ed partly with skeletal carbonate sands. The bryozoans are highly diversified, approximately 80 species, in contrast to contemporaneous cratonic-shelf faunas, but only a few carried out the bulk of the reef construction. In most of the reef-thickets, pinnate Acanthoc1adia zoaria grew up closely spaced, with their branches intertwining around one another, snd often directly touching each other. Above the acanthoc1ad bases, fan-like fenestrates --especially Po1ypora, Mini1ya ("Feneste11a") , Septopora, Protoretepora and Anastomopora --attached to the acanthoc1ad branches, and also to one another in a nested fashion. Locally, encrusting fistu1iporoids, ribbon-like bifo1iates, cylindrical rhanboporoids, delicate pennireteporids, ramose trepostomes, bead-like ca1cisponges, and isolated brachiopods are scattered within the acsnthoc1ad-fenestrate frame~rk. The bryozoan colonies thus collectively built a framework, specifically a branchstone, which also served to trap or baffle fine sediments within its interstices, and hence could also be classified as a baff1estone where the brsnches are more widely spearated; Some of the fine sediment appears to be comminuted bryozoan debris. In many of the upper Leonardian reef-thickets, branching trepostomes (Tabu1ipora?) replaced the acanthoc1ads, filled their role in frame-building snd sedi~nt-trapping, snd so produced a more robust frame~rk than the earlier reef-thickets.

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18.

ICRS5
Warner, R.R., 1985

Alternative mating behaviors in a coral reef fish: a life-history analysis.

p. 145-150. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).

Author

Warner, R.R.

Year

1985

Title

Alternative mating behaviors in a coral reef fish: a life-history analysis.

Source

p. 145-150. In: C. Gabrie and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 4: Symposia and Seminars (B).

Keywords

icrs5 Thalassoma bifasciatum bluehead wrasse sex chmge

Caption

Abstract

Our studies of the bluehead wrasse, Thalassoma bifasciatum, have revealed that females spawn the year round at specific sites on the coral reefs where they permanently reside. Fenales tend to be faithful to a particular site; on the average, 88% of an individual female's spawns are at a single site (N = 304 fenales, 2535 matings). Mating sites may be occupied either by an aggregation of smaller group-spawning males or by a large pair-spawning territorial male. While smaller females spawn at both group and territorial sites, larger fenales (greater than 7Omm SL) tend only to mate in territories. These data suggest that group-spawning females either have intrinsically different life histories, or they change to pair-spawning when they become large. To distinguish these t~ possibilities, we documented the spawning behavior of 45 females, then recaptured them to record life-history data. There were no apparent differences between the pair-spawners md group-spawners in the following parameters: growth rate, fecundity changes with size, percent of body weight devoted to gonad, body weight changes with size, or spawning frequency. Thus there is no reason to believe that the absence of large group-spawners is due to mortality or slow growth, and it is probable that group spawners shift to territorial mating when they grow large. Because of sex chmge, larger fenales can eventually have the chance to become territorial males. Thus this shift to pair-spawning may represent a first step in the process of attaining territorial status.

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19.

ICRS5
Hearty, P.J. and G. Dai Pra, 1985

Aminostratigraphy and 230-Th-234-U dating of quaternary shorelines in the Puglia region of Southeast Italy.

p. 163-170 in Gabrie, C., J. L Toffart and B. Salvat (Eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 3 : Symposia and Seminars (A).

Author

Hearty, P.J. and G. Dai Pra

Year

1985

Title

Aminostratigraphy and 230-Th-234-U dating of quaternary shorelines in the Puglia region of Southeast Italy.

Source

p. 163-170 in Gabrie, C., J. L Toffart and B. Salvat (Eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 3 : Symposia and Seminars (A).

Keywords

paleontology, geography, icrs5

Caption

Abstract

Amino acid racemization studies of the mollusk genera Glycymeris, ~ and Astralium, uranium-series analysis of the coral Cladocora caespitosa, and bio- and lithostratigraphy have distinguished four ages (aminozones C, E, F, and G) of marine deposits in the Puglia region of southeast Italy. Aminozone E, the Eutyrrhenian, cont,ins primary Stro~bus bubonius and other Senegalese taxa, and has been U-series dated at 122 + 4 10 years and thus correlated with isotopic stage 5e. A younger aminozone C, the Neotyrrhenian, lies -within stage 5 (Sa or 5c). :wo older, pre-~~~~~bu! aminozones, F and G, are tentatively correjated with stages 7 and 9. An uplJ.ft rate of 0.20 mll0 yr was calculated from the well dated 122 10 yr, 28-35 m stage 5e shoreline in Mare Piccolo. Extrapolation of this rate to younger and older isotopic events supports our correlation of aminozone C, F and G related shorelines with stages 5c, 7 and 9. A nearly continuous record of sea level changes during the last interglacial has been interpreted from the generated through intensive studies at II Fronte, in Mare Piccolo. Amino acid geochronology has been valuable in this study to date and correlate non-coralliferous deposits to U-series d~ted sites.

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20.

ICRS5
Bourrouilh-Le Jan, F.G., 1985

An attempt at datation by isotopic stratigraphy of holocene and pleistocene notches and deposits of some so-called uplifted atolls (high carbonate islands).

p. 125-130 in Gabrie, C., J. L Toffart and B. Salvat (Eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 3 : Symposia and Seminars (A).

Author

Bourrouilh-Le Jan, F.G.

Year

1985

Title

An attempt at datation by isotopic stratigraphy of holocene and pleistocene notches and deposits of some so-called uplifted atolls (high carbonate islands).

Source

p. 125-130 in Gabrie, C., J. L Toffart and B. Salvat (Eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 3 : Symposia and Seminars (A).

Keywords

icrs5 sea-level changes

Caption

Abstract

The presence of notches of marine origin were noticed very early by naturalists on carbonate cliffs. They are especially responsible for the name, "uplifted atolls~', given to flat carbonate islands, surrounded by a high rim looking down a central plain. The better knowledge of Pliocene to Holocene eustatic variations by isotopic stratigraphy md of the up and down correlative movements of the sea level allow hypotheses and calculations to be made of the age and tiDE during which the notches have been formed. These calculations have been done for several so-called uplifted atolls of High Carbonate Islands, located in the SW and SE Pacific and allow the notches and their correlative coral deposits to be dated.

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21.

ICRS5
Jaap, W.C., 1985

An epidemic zooxanthellae expulsion during 1983 in the lower coral reefs: hyperthermic etiology,

p. 143-148. In: C. Gabrie and M. Harmelin (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 6: Miscellaneous Paper (B).

Author

Jaap, W.C.

Year

1985

Title

An epidemic zooxanthellae expulsion during 1983 in the lower coral reefs: hyperthermic etiology,

Source

p. 143-148. In: C. Gabrie and M. Harmelin (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 6: Miscellaneous Paper (B).

Keywords

Stress, coral Bleaching, Hyperthermic etiology, Zooxanthellae, ICRS5

Caption

Abstract

Extensive reef coral zooxanthellae expulsion occurred from Key Largo to Dry Tortugas, Florida, during September 1983. Coral bleaching was intensive between Pelican Shoal and Sand Key Reef off Key West. Coral discoloration extended to depths exceeding 14 m but was especially severe in shallow (1-2 m) spur and groove habitats. Approximately 75-957. of all Millepora complanata and Palythoa caribaeorum were bone white, but most colonies remained viable. Affected~. complanata (bladed fire coral) retained the ability to inflict pain from dactylzooid nenatocysts. Some individuals (5 to 107.) had fine algal growth indicating death on all or parts of their skeletons. Although 15 species of cnidarians, principally Scleractinia, were affected, some species (Madracis mirabilis, Porites porites, Montastraea cavernosa, Dendrogyra cylindrus) appeard to be immune. A quantitative sample at Eastern Sambo Reef on 6 October documented 11 species and 209 colonies;~. complanata comprised 32.57. of all colonies. Transmission electronmicrographs did not reveal epidemic pathogenic organisms in affected coral tissues. Warm, calm weather prior to the expulsion was conducive to elevated seawater temperature. A seawater thermograph deployed off Marquesas Key recorded temperatures of 32.3.C during the period. A seven month post-event survey revealed that most hermatypic organisms had recovered normal color. Survival of hermatypic cnidarians was high. Twenty quadrats sampled during and seven months after the event were compared using classification analysis (Czekanowski's quantitative coefficient); mean similarity value among all quadrats was 0.69, and 12 of 20 quadrats had similarity values> 0.70. Values obtained using this technique in similar habitats generally ranged from .4 to .9 annually. The event is an example of a disturbance of intermediate frequency and magnitude controlling shallow reef canmJnities.

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22.

ICRS5
Salvat, B., 1985

An integrated (geomorphological and economical) classification of French Polynesian atolls.

p. 337. In: C. Gabrie, J.L. Toffart and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings of the 5th International Coral Reef Congress. Antenne Museum-EPHE, Tahiti, French Polynesia 2.

Author	Salvat, B.

Year	1985

Title	An integrated (geomorphological and economical) classification of French Polynesian atolls.

Source	p. 337. In: C. Gabrie, J.L. Toffart and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.) Proceedings of the 5th International Coral Reef Congress. Antenne Museum-EPHE, Tahiti, French Polynesia 2.

Keywords	Atoll, Geomorphology, Economics, ICRS5

Caption

Abstract

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23.

ICRS5
Skyring, G.W., 1985

Anaerobic microbial processes in coral reef sediments.

p. 421-426 in Gabrie, C., J. L Toffart and B. Salvat (Eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 3 : Symposia and Seminars (A).

Author

Skyring, G.W.

Year

1985

Title

Anaerobic microbial processes in coral reef sediments.

Source

p. 421-426 in Gabrie, C., J. L Toffart and B. Salvat (Eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 3 : Symposia and Seminars (A).

Keywords

sediments, icrs5

Caption

Abstract

Microbial anaerobic processes occur in sediments associated with coral reefs even though many appear to be well aerated by physical mixing or bioturbation. Bacterial sulfate reduction, a strictly anaerobic respiration process, is the most easily demonstrated indicator of anaerobic processes in marine sediments. It results in the production of sulfide which has been shown to occur in the sediments of Kaneohe Bay, Bermuda, Jamaica, Lizard Island and Davies Reef. Sulfate reduction rates in these sediments_rre lOll when canpared to those for most other marine environments. A maximum of around 8mmo1 m day was measured for the top 5cm of the sediment from the back lagoon of Davies Reef. In jge back reef lagoon, 901. of the sulfate reductioo occurred in the top 2cm sediment. Up to 60% of the S recovered in the sulfide fractions, occurred in a tin-reducible fraction.

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24.

ICRS5
Matson, E.A., 1985

Anoxic community catabolism in the shallow carbonate muds of Bermuda.

p. 433-438 in Gabrie, C., J. L Toffart and B. Salvat (Eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 3 : Symposia and Seminars (A).

Author

Matson, E.A.

Year

1985

Title

Anoxic community catabolism in the shallow carbonate muds of Bermuda.

Source

p. 433-438 in Gabrie, C., J. L Toffart and B. Salvat (Eds.) Proceedings Of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 3 : Symposia and Seminars (A).

Keywords

community metabolism icrs5

Caption

Abstract

Anoxic decomposition is not routinely measured in coral reef or other carbonate systems due to apparent dominance of metabolism by aerobic processes. Turbulence is frequently sufficient to preclude both the deposition of fines and burial of organic matter. However, in quiescent macrophyte beds, caves, tunnels, and around the burrows of in fauna, anoxic metabolism is often an important decomposition mechanism. Reduced end products may accumulate and serve as energy sources for chemo1ithotrophic and mixotrophic micro-organisms. These mater1a1s contain all the residual energy of autotrophy not (yet) released aerobically and serve as buffers against~p1etion of electron donors generated by photoautotrophs. Tetrazo1ium salts were used as alternate electron acceptors to estimate anoxic community catabolism (i.e., oxidation of respiratory enzymes) in several suboxic 5\d anoxic IIJJds at Bermuda. Comparisons were made with simultaneously obtained estimates of °2 and 5°42- reduction and with estimates of net primary production to determine the relative flow of reducing equivalents to acceptors other than °2. The microbta1 community in Tha1assia spp. beds, ca11ianassid mound sand and fecal pellets «2 m water) and in a deeper (24 m) depositional area was predominantly facultative. Rates of anoxic catabolism were equivalent to those of °2 reduction when °2 was removed. Although 5°42- reduction rates were low in comparison with total catabolism, dissolved sulphides were as high as 5 mM. The Eh of many sediments (as low as -450 mV) indicated that methanogenesis was important, even within an of the sediment surface. Regardless of the terminal electron acceptor used, total bulk microbial community metabolism equalled or exceeded net primary production. Therefore, production DUst be rapidly recycled for eucaryotic consumers, and this may largely occur within anoxic muds. Reducing equivalents transferred to 5 and N which accUmllate in muds may be responsible for preservation of reducing po~r in otherwise highly oxidized systems.

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25.

ICRS5
Conand, C. and P. Chardy, 1985

Are the Aspidochirote holothurians of the New Caledonian lagoon good indicators of the reefal features,

p. 291-296. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).

Author

Conand, C. and P. Chardy

Year

1985

Title

Are the Aspidochirote holothurians of the New Caledonian lagoon good indicators of the reefal features,

Source

p. 291-296. In: M. Harmelin Vivien and B. Salvat (assoc. eds.). Proceedings of The Fifth International Coral Reef Congress. Tahiti, 27 May -1 June 1985. Vol. 5: Miscellaneous Paper (A).

Keywords

Indicator species, Holothurians, Reefal, ICRS5

Caption

Abstract

The Aspidochirote Holothurians have been sampled in 216 stations of the reef complex of New-Caledonia. At each station studied in a lagoonal habitat, parameters have been collected on the environmental factors and the associated biota, 48 Aspidochirote Holothuri~n species have been recorded. At each station the number of species was between 0 and 13; per 100 m the density varied from 0 to 154 and the bicmass from 0 to 27 470 g. An Inertia Analysis based on qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative data reveals the ecological affinities between stations and points out the characteristic species. The Holothurian distribution reflects the overall organization of the reef system, more or less closely according to the different biotopes. The weight of the environmental factors as well as of the characteristic species is analysed.

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