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Proceedings of the Third International Coral Reef Symposium, 1977
The Third International Coral Reef Symposium was held at the University of Miami's Campus. It combined four days of technical sessions and workshops with selected field trips to principal reef areas: Barbados, Bahamas, Belize, Dry Tortugas, Florida Keys, Grand Cayman, Jamaica, Panama and St. Croix.
180 papers were submitted for publication in the Proceedings of the symposium and which was divided into two volumes. Volume 1 emphasizes the biology of coral reefs, with Volume 2 more oriented to geology and geological processes.
Search Result: 183 records
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1.
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ICRS3
Wells, J.M.,
1977
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A comparative study of the metabolism of tropical benthic communities.
p. 545-550 in: D.L. Taylor (ed.). Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Author
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Wells, J.M.
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Year
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1977
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Title
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A comparative study of the metabolism of tropical benthic communities.
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Source
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p. 545-550 in: D.L. Taylor (ed.). Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Keywords
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Benthic Communities, Bahama Islands, Eniwetak, Community Metabolism ICRS3
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Caption
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Abstract
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The net metabolism of benthic communities exhibits considerable variation, depending primarily on its composition and such environmental parameters as light and temperature. The lowest value found during this investigation was -4.7 mg ) /Mt/hr for communities under ice in -1.65C water off Newfoundland. Simple benthic communities in the Bahama Islands and Eniwetak produced 77 and 85 mg °2/M /hr respectively during peak periods of illumination. Their consumption during darkness was 77 aqd 16 mg °2/M /hr respectively. More complex communities in.Puerto Rico consumed 80-30? mg
°2/Mt/hr and produced 110-220 mg °2/M /hr. None of the communities studied showed a net daily production of oxygen. The methods used to determine community metabolism show great potential as tools for in situ determinations of the sensitivity of entire communities and individual organisms to material which is being released in the ocean.
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2.
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ICRS3
Done, T.J.,
1977
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A comparison of units of cover in ecological classifications of coral communities,
p. 9-13. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Author
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Done, T.J.
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Year
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1977
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Title
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A comparison of units of cover in ecological classifications of coral communities,
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Source
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p. 9-13. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Keywords
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Methods, Community structure, Corals, Bottom cover, ICRS3
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Caption
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Abstract
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A comparison is made of the performances of measured, graded and binary data in the classification of coral survey data. Little difference was found between classifications which used either measured or graded data. It is therefore suggested that for classificatory studies, field time can most profitably be spent collecting graded instead of measured data.
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3.
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ICRS3
Hopkins, T.S., D.R. Blizzard, S.A. Brawley, S.A. Earle, D.E. Grimm, D.K. Gilbert, P.G. Johnson, E.H. Livingston, C.H. Lutz, J.K. Shaw and B.B. Shaw,
1977
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A preliminary characterization of the biotic components of composite strip transects on the Florida Middlegrounds, northeastern Gulf of Mexico,
p. 31-37. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Author
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Hopkins, T.S., D.R. Blizzard, S.A. Brawley, S.A. Earle, D.E. Grimm, D.K. Gilbert, P.G. Johnson, E.H. Livingston, C.H. Lutz, J.K. Shaw and B.B. Shaw
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Year
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1977
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Title
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A preliminary characterization of the biotic components of composite strip transects on the Florida Middlegrounds, northeastern Gulf of Mexico,
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Source
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p. 31-37. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Keywords
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Coral community, Species composition, Assemblages, ICRS3 SCUBA, Florida Middle Ground, Coelenterata, Mollusca, Decapod Crustacea, Echinodermata,
Icthyofauna, Benthic Algae, Zoogeography.
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Caption
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Abstract
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The Florida Middle Ground located in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico approximately 137 km southeast of Appalachicola, Florida and 129 km west of Tarpon Springs, Florida is the northern-most hermatypic coral commu~ity in the Gulf of Mexico. Comparisons of the coelenterate, molluscan, decapod crustacean, echinoderm, polychaete and poriferan fauna with their counterpart assemblages at the West Flower Garden Bank in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico reveal consistent sharp dissimilarities in their gross composition. Although the icthyofauna at the two sites is not so markedly dissimilar, the
Middle Ground shows a stronger affinity to the Florida Keys and West Indian icthyofauna.
In contrast to the West Flower Garden Bank, the Middle Ground has a luxuriant seasonal algae flora which is occasionally disturbed by hurricanes, but continually battered by winter storms in the eastern Gulf. The overall biotic composition shows indications ~f both temperate and tropical spe:ies, which probably maintained by the Florida Loop Current br~nging warm water up from the Flor~da Keys.
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4.
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ICRS3
Montgomery, R.T., W.I. Miller and A.W. Collier,
1977
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A preliminary investigation of the structure of diatom communities associated with the reef habitats of the Florida Keys.
p. 357-364. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Author
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Montgomery, R.T., W.I. Miller and A.W. Collier
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Year
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1977
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Title
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A preliminary investigation of the structure of diatom communities associated with the reef habitats of the Florida Keys.
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Source
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p. 357-364. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Keywords
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Halimeda, Tvdemania, Algal Diversity, Productivity, Enewetak, Coral Reef, Calcareous Algae, ICRS3
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Caption
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Abstract
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Halimeda and to a lesser extent the other calcareous green algal genera were studied at twentyone sites. Fourteen Halimeda species, including some of the most poorly known of the genus, were collected. This is the largest number yet reported from any specific area. New species records include copiosa, distorta and micronesica. New depth data, including the discovery of ~ in shallow water, indicate that none of the known Enewetak species are restricted to deep water. Apparently factors other than light account for the absence of most species within the depth range in which Halimeda grows. This may also be true for Tydemania expeditionis, extensive populations of which were found in 3-5 m of water. The distribution of particular Halimeda species within the atoll can be partly predicted by microhabitat. Some species are predominantly associated with soft substrates; others with rock. Rockgrowing strategies include sprawlers across rocky terrain with constituent clumps adhering to the substrate at several points; and erect or pendent growers, each with single small holdfast. Some species seem to thrive in fast currents, others in less exposed environments. These apparent habitat preferences restrict the in-site species diversity, with maximum number of species encountered per
site being six. The Halimeda population appears to produce both a significant portion of the loose sediments of the atoll and the energy of the reef ecosystem, with seven species probably the main contributors. Ty emania may also contribute significantly, whereas Udotea, Rhipocephalus and Penicillus do not.
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5.
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ICRS3
Slater, R.A. and C.V.T. Phipps,
1977
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A preliminary report on the coral reefs of Lord Howe Island and Elizabeth Reef, Australia.
p. 313- 318 in: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 2: Geology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Author
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Slater, R.A. and C.V.T. Phipps
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Year
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1977
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Title
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A preliminary report on the coral reefs of Lord Howe Island and Elizabeth Reef, Australia.
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Source
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p. 313- 318 in: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 2: Geology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Keywords
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Coral Reefs, Australia, Tasman Sea, Lord Howe Island, Elizabeth Reef, ICRS3
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Caption
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Abstract
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The coral reefs around Lord Howe Island and Elizabeth Reef are the southernmost reefs in the world. Detailed geologic maps of each reef were made in the field using aerial photo-moaics. Recent coral growth is limited due to cool water temperatures but the morphology of both reefs suggests that they were once flourishing.
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6.
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ICRS3
Flood, P.G. and G.R. Orme,
1977
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A sedimentation model for platform reefs of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia.
p. 111- 117 in: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 2: Geology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Author
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Flood, P.G. and G.R. Orme
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Year
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1977
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Title
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A sedimentation model for platform reefs of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia.
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Source
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p. 111- 117 in: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 2: Geology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Keywords
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Carbonate, Sediments , Reefs, Great Barrier Reef, Grain Size, Sediment Types, Sedimentation on Model, ICRS3
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Caption
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Abstract
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Multivariate analysis of grain size data from an extensive collection of sediments representing the range of depositional environments present on a variety ('asymmetrical' lagoonal platform closed ring reef, lagoonal platform, platform, and low wooded island type) of platform reefs occurring within the Great Barrier Reef Province has shown that only four textural sediment types can be recognized. Three distinct grain size populations exist; 1 phi (0.5 mm) and coarser, 3 phi (0.125 mm) and finer, and sizes between 1 and 3 phi. Three of the sediment types occur within the intertidal portion of the reef. They consist of varying proportions of the two coarser populations. The fourth type includes sediments which have a high percentage of grain sizes finer than 3 phi. These are restricted to subtidal (lagoonal) or protected (e.g. lee of mangrove vegetation) parts of the reefs. The spatial distribution of the sediment types primarily reflect the predominant hydraulic regime of wave action and secondarily the influence of tidal currents. A conceptual model of bioclastic sedimentation is outlined for platform reefs.
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7.
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ICRS3
Barthel, K.W.,
1977
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A spur and groove system in Upper Jurassic coral reefs of southern Germany.
p. 201- 208 in: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 2: Geology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Author
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Barthel, K.W.
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Year
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1977
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Title
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A spur and groove system in Upper Jurassic coral reefs of southern Germany.
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Source
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p. 201- 208 in: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 2: Geology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Keywords
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Coral Reefs, Sponge/ algal-mud-mounds, Spurs and Grooves, Southern Germany, Upper Jurassic, ICRS3
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Caption
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Abstract
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At Saal (Kelheim area, Bavaria, S Germany) a giant quarry exposes facies inter- elations in Upper Jurassic limestones. Survey of the quarry reveals strong linear relief of sponge/algal-mud-mounds (Upper Kimmeridgian) transitional to coral reefs (Lower Tithonian). The sequence indicates regional uplift. Reef detritus is deposited in the depressions. To interpret the relief three possibilities are checked: (1) longitudinal mound growth, (2) scour channels, and (3) spur and groove systems. Negative evidence of structural and sedimentological features eliminate (1) and (2). The Upper Jurassic spur and groove system was larger than recent ones because the Jurassic reefs were less resistant due to absence of encrusting red algae. Alignment of the system suggests a SE paleo-wind and current direction during Upper Kimmeridgian/Lower Tithonian.
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8.
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ICRS3
Miller, W.I., R.T. Montgomery and A.W. Collier,
1977
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A taxonomic survey of the diatoms associated with Florida Keys coral reefs.
p. 349-356. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Author
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Miller, W.I., R.T. Montgomery and A.W. Collier
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Year
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1977
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Title
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A taxonomic survey of the diatoms associated with Florida Keys coral reefs.
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Source
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p. 349-356. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Keywords
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Diatoms, Coral Reefs, Florida Keys, Phytoplankton, Coral Sand, Thalassia testudinum, Taxonomy, Scanning Electron Microscopy ICRS3
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Caption
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Abstract
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Coral, coral sand, and scrapings from surfaces of Thalassia testudinum from Western Sambo Reef, Sombrero Reef, and Molasses Reef in the Florida Keys were cleaned of all organic and carbonate material in order to examine the diatoms found in each of these habitats. Observation with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy showed that each of these habitats has a unique and diverse diatom flora. The coral was characterized by species of Campylodiscus Podocystis, and Triceratiumj
the coral sand by Amphora and Diploneis, and the Thalassia by Mastogloia.
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9.
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ICRS3
Schuhmacher, H.,
1977
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Ability of fungiid corals to overcome sedimentation.
p. 503-510 in: D.L. Taylor (ed.). Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Author
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Schuhmacher, H.
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Year
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1977
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Title
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Ability of fungiid corals to overcome sedimentation.
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Source
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p. 503-510 in: D.L. Taylor (ed.). Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Keywords
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Fungiid Corals, Sedimentation, Cleansing, Septal Morphology, Reef Zonation ICRS3
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Caption
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Abstract
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Fourteen solitary fungiid species were investigated to determine their ability to pvercome
sedimentation. Corals were found to reject sediments by three means: (a) from cupolate coralla sediments easily slide off. Flat corals get rid of sediments either by (b) mucus entanglement combined with ciliary action or (c) by inflating the polyp. Efficiency increases in the order (b), (a), (c). In cases (a) and (b) the polyp shrinks to a thin layer upon the skeleton when defending against sediments. In these species a correlation was found between endurance to stress by continuous sedimentation (or by resting deposits), and the shape of septa. Those corals with broad septal ridges can endure for longer time periods than corals with high sharp septa. Sharp septal edges tend to cut through the tissues. The distribution of species within the reef is determined by their respective
ability to overcome the local sedimentary stress. Polyp inflating species, e.g. Fungia actiniformis and Diaseris distorta can survive on sandy areas in turbid lagoons. F. fungites, F. klunzingeri and F. scruposa are examples of those species which cleanse themselves by ciliary beat. They have sharp septa, and are confined to reef areas with low exposure to sedimentation, e.g. reef slope.
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10.
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ICRS3
Cameron, A.M.,
1977
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Acanthaster and coral reefs: population outbreaks of a rare and specialized carnivore in a complex high-diversity system.
p. 193-200. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Author
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Cameron, A.M.
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Year
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1977
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Title
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Acanthaster and coral reefs: population outbreaks of a rare and specialized carnivore in a complex high-diversity system.
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Source
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p. 193-200. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Keywords
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Acanthaster planai, crown of thorns starfish, coral reefs, rarity, specialization, population outbreaks, predictability. ICRS3
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Caption
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Abstract
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Acanthaster planai is a large sized, Indo-Pacific coral reef starfish with morphological and
chemical defenses against potential predation and few animal parasites. It is morphologically and biochemically specia1ised as a cora1ivore. It is highly fecund, has a long larva11ife with low recruitment normally and is long lived. Its normal population density is of the order of 6/km2 in the western Pacific and 1/40-100 m2 in the eastern Pacific. It is a rare and specia1ised carnivore. Coral reef ecosystems are among the most diverse biological assemblages known. A major factor contributing to their species richness is the prevalence of coevo1ved relationships between and among species. These relationships and the system of which they are a part have evolutionary histories.
Population outbreaks of A. planai in the Indo-West Pacific have been accompanied by obliteration on a massive scale of the sc1eractinians that constitute the basic and characteristic component of coral reefs as such; not only of a particular group of taxa, but of the fundamental attribute of the ecosystem. In evolutionary terms it is inescapable that the scale of biological destruction involved is novel. A. planai outbreaks have provided an impetus to a sterile po1arisation of views on the nature of coral reef organisation.
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11.
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ICRS3
Endean, R.,
1977
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Acanthaster planci infestations of reefs of the Great Barrier Reef.
p. 185-191. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Author
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Endean, R.
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Year
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1977
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Title
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Acanthaster planci infestations of reefs of the Great Barrier Reef.
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Source
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p. 185-191. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Keywords
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Predation, ICRS3
Acanthaster Planci, Crown-Of-Thorns Starfish, Coral Reefs, Population Explosions,
Recolonization, Primary Infestations, Secondary Infestations, Causes of Acanthaster Outbreaks.
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Caption
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Abstract
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During the last decade the majority of reefs in the central region of the Great Barrier Reef have been infested with coral-eating crown-of-thorns starfish. The infestations continue to spread. A massive destruction of" the hard coral cover of many reefs has occurred. In some shallow water areas of some reefs where the coral cover was devastated 6-10 years ago as a result of population explosions of!. planci, recolonization by tabular Acropora has been impressive but recolonization by hard corals in many other areas has been negligible. There has been a polarization of views about the causes of the!. planci infestations, some workers maintaining that the infestations are natural phenomena, others that the infestations are unique. Various hypotheses embraced by these viewpoints are evaluated in the light of recent research and the conclusion is reached that the!. planci infestations are unique and have probably been triggered by the extensive collection by humans of molluscan and pis cine predators of juvenile and small
adult!. planci on certain accessible reefs. Other reefs have then been infested as a result of adult starfish migrating from the primary centres of infestation or as a result of invasion by larvae originating at the primary centres of infestation. The need to control!. planci infestations is emphasized.
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12.
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ICRS3
Kott, P.,
1977
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Algal support didemnid ascidians of the Great Barrier Reef.
p. 615-622 in D.L. Taylor (ed.). Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Author
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Kott, P.
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Year
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1977
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Title
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Algal support didemnid ascidians of the Great Barrier Reef.
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Source
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p. 615-622 in D.L. Taylor (ed.). Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Keywords
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Didemnidae, Symbiotic, ICRS3
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Caption
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Abstract
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In the present work, a consideration of taxonomy of 9 species (including 3 that are new) of blue- green algal containing didemnid ascidians contained in 4 distinct genera establishes their specific and diagnostic characteristics and confirms that the species generally have a wide geographic range in the tropical Indo-Pacific. The association does not occur in the Atlantic. The blue-green algae are contained in the adult common cloaca and transferred from generation to generation on the larval test. It appears that a habitat in shallow tropical waters, highly developed viviparous larvae in which budding occurs precociously before metamorphosis, early development of a functional colony and/or early attainment of sexual maturity and rapid succession of generations, have enhanced the development of this probably symbiotic relationship between blue-green algae and certain didemnid ascidians.
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Online Documents
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13.
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ICRS3
Morse D.E., A.N.C. Morse and H. Duncan,
1977
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Algal tumors in the Caribbean sea fan Gorgonia ventalina.
p. 623-629 in D.L. Taylor (ed.). Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Author
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Morse D.E., A.N.C. Morse and H. Duncan
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Year
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1977
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Title
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Algal tumors in the Caribbean sea fan Gorgonia ventalina.
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Source
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p. 623-629 in D.L. Taylor (ed.). Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Keywords
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Coral, Tumor, Disease, Erosion, Filamentous Algae; Gorgonia ventalina, Neoplasia,
Environmental Stress ICRS3
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Caption
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Abstract
|
Gorgonia ventalina from Bonaire and Trinidad. Microscopic examination reveals that these tumors consist of dense accretions of skeletal gorgonin, deposited as slender tubes around strands of filamentous algae; hyperplasia of collagen-producing mesog1ea1 cells surrounds the randomly oriented filaments of gorgonin. Confluent spread of these algal tumors is associated with peripheral necrosis (tissue death) and erosion of the coral.
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Online Documents
|
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14.
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ICRS3
Laborel, J.,
1977
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Are reef-building vermetids disappearing in the south Atlantic?
p. 233-238. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Author
|
Laborel, J.
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Year
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1977
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Title
|
Are reef-building vermetids disappearing in the south Atlantic?
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Source
|
p. 233-238. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Keywords
|
Biogeography, Reefs, Mollusks, Vermetid, Gastropods, South Atlantic. ICRS3
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Caption
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Abstract
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Extensive formations of Gastropods of the family vermetidae have often been described from the intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical regions. In the tropical Atlantic, the study of 19th and early 20th century literature shows that very dense populations of Vermetids (often quoted as Serpulae) were active in areas wh~re recent exploration is not able to find them. In some areas, populations which flourished 70 years ago, have now completely vanished. Similarly studies of fossil vermetid rock lines above present water level, representative of holocene high water stands along the coasts of Brazil
and West Africa, reveal that fossil populations of these species were more developed and more widely distributed than at present. The various genera of Vermetids have not been affected to the same extent. Petaloconchus (Macrophragma) , which prefers relatively calm waters, is nearly extinct in the region of our study; whereas Dendropoma (Novastoa) , a surf loving genus, survives and is still flourishing in many places.
It is still premature to propose an explanation for such ~henomena. We do not know whether it is worldwide, or restricted. However, it does not seem to be linked to human activity, since the general narrowing of the areas of repartition suggests climatic changes.
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|
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15.
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ICRS3
Johnston, I.S.,
1977
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Aspects of the structure of a skeletal organic matrix, and the process of skeletogenesis in the reef coral {Pocillopora} {damicornis}.
p. 447-453 in: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 2: Geology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Author
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Johnston, I.S.
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Year
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1977
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Title
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Aspects of the structure of a skeletal organic matrix, and the process of skeletogenesis in the reef coral {Pocillopora} {damicornis}.
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Source
|
p. 447-453 in: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 2: Geology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Keywords
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calcification mechanisms, organic matrix, , Skeletogenesis, Reef-coral, Structural matrix, skeleton., ICRS3
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Caption
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Abstract
|
In demineralized preparations of the tissue -skeleton interface from a growing part of the coral. Pocillopora damicornis it is possible to demonstrate a structural matric on and within what was the skeleton surface. The matrix forms thin-walled compartments which have the dimensions of individual aragonite crystals previously seen at the surface of the skeleton. Structures which are presumed to be precursors of the matrix are seen within the calicoblastic ectodermal layer and also in the sub-ectodermal space which separates the ectoderm from the skeleton. The structural matrix may be implicated in controlling the p.rocess of skeletogenesis.
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Online Documents
|
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16.
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ICRS3
Buddemeier, R.W. and G. Holladay,
1977
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Atoll hydrology: island groundwater characteristics and their relationship to diagenesis.
p. 167- 173 in: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 2: Geology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Author
|
Buddemeier, R.W. and G. Holladay
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Year
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1977
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Title
|
Atoll hydrology: island groundwater characteristics and their relationship to diagenesis.
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Source
|
p. 167- 173 in: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 2: Geology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Keywords
|
Hydrology, Atoll, Groundwater, Permeability, Cementation, Diagenesis, Tidal Effects, ICRS3
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Caption
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Abstract
|
Twenty perforated wells ranging in depth from one to 87 m have been drilled on Enjebi Island, Enewetak Atoll. Well tidal responses, freshwater contents and vertical salinity distributions have been studied over a period of two years. A recording multiprobe conductivity meter has been developed and used to monitor tidal salinity fluctuations. The results show that the surface layer of Recent sediments has relatively low permeability, but that effective permeability increases with increasing depth as successive diagenetic horizons are penetrated. It is found that perforated wells provide qualitatively useful information but perturb the system being studied; the effects produced may have natural analogs which accelerate mixing of fresh and saline water and chemical cementation near the water table.
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Online Documents
|
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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17.
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ICRS3
Sebens, K.P.,
1977
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Autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition of coral reef zoanthids.
p. 397-404. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
|
Author
|
Sebens, K.P.
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Year
|
1977
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Title
|
Autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition of coral reef zoanthids.
|
|
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Source
|
p. 397-404. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
|
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Keywords
|
Nutrition, Zoanthids, Autotrophic, Heterotrophic, Panama, Brazil ICRS3
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Caption
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Abstract
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Online Documents
|
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
|
|
|
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18.
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|
ICRS3
Campbell, D.G.,
1977
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Bahamian chlorine bleach fishing: a survey,
p. 593-596. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 2: Geology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
|
Author
|
Campbell, D.G.
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Year
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1977
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Title
|
Bahamian chlorine bleach fishing: a survey,
|
|
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Source
|
p. 593-596. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 2: Geology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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Keywords
|
Fisheries, Chlorine bleach fishing, Conservation, Bahamas, Coral, Infection, Community, Structure, Regeneration, ICRS3
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Caption
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Abstract
|
The problem of chlorine bleach fishing in the Bahamas is biologically difficult to define and socially complex. Bleach is applied to coral heads to drive commercially valuable species into range of spears and granges. A characteristic pattern of infection sets in on a bleached reef: annular zones of what appear to be Oscillatoria submembranacea, Desulfovibrio and Beggiatoa travel over Cl stressed coral colonies from an initial point of infection. Reef community structure changes
as well. Regeneration takes years.
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|
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Online Documents
|
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|
|
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19.
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|
ICRS3
Meischner, D. and U. Meischner,
1977
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Bermuda south shore reef morphology- a preliminary report,
p. 243-250. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 2: Geology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
|
Author
|
Meischner, D. and U. Meischner
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Year
|
1977
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|
|
Title
|
Bermuda south shore reef morphology- a preliminary report,
|
|
|
Source
|
p. 243-250. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 2: Geology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
|
|
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Keywords
|
Reef morphology, Geology, North Atlantic, Bermuda, Holocene, Reef, Terraces, Coral, Littoral, ICRS3
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Caption
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Abstract
|
A complex morphology of living and dead reef was found off Bermuda South Shore by precision echo sounding and SCUBA diving. Parallel to the coast the following zones were recognized. (1) The littoral fringe: An accretionary lip of algal-vermetid growth. (2) The near-shore platform: Lying at 4 to 5 m depth, densely covered with coral growth. (3) The algal cup reef tract: Based at ca. 8 m, reaching to inter-tidal. (4) The sandy moat: Rippled sand at 15 to 20 m. (5) The outer platform: Mainly - coral reef at 12 to 20 m and submerged former algal reef tract forming inner parapet. (6) The outer slope below 20 with 35 m-terrace.
Reef growth follows pre- existing erosional topography. Holocene reefs became subsequently established on the 20 m-terrace (1. coral, 2. algal-vermetid) and on a supposed 8 m-terrace (3. algalvermetid, 4. coral). The coral reef at 12 to 20 m is found alive but unable to keep up with rising sea level be=ause of counteraction by biogenic destruction.
Holocene coral growth was able to form 8 m of-coral reef and algal cup reefs up to 8 m high.
A model is set up to explain the complex depth and growth relations by repeated formation of wave-breaking algal cup reef tracts and corresponding reef lagoons during the Holocene transgression. The cup reefs are thought to develop from'littoral fringes that become isolated from the shore by sea-level rise and ongoing coastal erosion.
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Online Documents
|
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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|
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20.
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|
ICRS3
Webb, K.L., W.D. Du Paul, C.F. D'elia,
1977
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Biomass and nutrient flux measurements on Holothuria atra populations on
windward reef flats at Enewetak, Marshall Islands.
p. 409-416. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
|
Author
|
Webb, K.L., W.D. Du Paul, C.F. D'elia
|
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Year
|
1977
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Title
|
Biomass and nutrient flux measurements on Holothuria atra populations on
windward reef flats at Enewetak, Marshall Islands.
|
|
|
Source
|
p. 409-416. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
|
|
|
Keywords
|
Holothurian, Holothurian, Ammonia, Phosphorus, Nitrogen sea cucumber ICRS3
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Caption
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Abstract
|
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|
|
Online Documents
|
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
|
|
|
|
21.
|
|
ICRS3
Scott, R. W. and P. L. Brenckle,
1977
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Biotic zonation of a Lower Cretaceous coral-algal-rudist reef, Arizona.
p. 182- 189 in: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 2: Geology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
|
Author
|
Scott, R. W. and P. L. Brenckle
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Year
|
1977
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Title
|
Biotic zonation of a Lower Cretaceous coral-algal-rudist reef, Arizona.
|
|
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Source
|
p. 182- 189 in: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 2: Geology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
|
|
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Keywords
|
Lower Cretaceous, Mural Formation, Rudists, Scleractinian Corals, Stromatolites, Paleocommunities,
Arizona, Reefs, ICRS3
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Caption
|
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|
Abstract
|
Coral-stromatolite paleocommunities dominate Early Cretaceous lagoonal patch reefs that grew at the northwest end of the Chihuahua Trough. The pioneer community of massive Actinastrea formed biostromes with Microsolena upon a lagoonal substrate of mollusk-miliolid-orbitolinid wackestone and upon reef-fringing coral-rudist fragment and peloid packstones. The succeeding reef-framework community was dominated by laminar to conical Microsolena and hemispherical stromatolites. Only in the climax Coalcomana-Petalodontia community were rudists abundant; it was characterized by caprinids and thick-walled monopleurids. Species diversity tended to decrease slightly from the pioneer community to the reef-framework, but increased in the climax community. Trophic structure of the sere was complex as succession proceeded and tended to shift from predators to suspension feeders. This autogenic reef sere reflects progressively shoaling habitats that lay seaward of wave-dominated shoals. The reefs were buried by lagoonal muds and peri-reef communities of Chondrodonta and Monopleura when quiet-water conditions set in.
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|
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Online Documents
|
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|
|
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22.
|
|
ICRS3
Spencer-Davies, P.,
1977
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Carbon budgets and vertical zonation of Atlantic reef corals.
p. 391-396. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
|
Author
|
Spencer-Davies, P.
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Year
|
1977
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Title
|
Carbon budgets and vertical zonation of Atlantic reef corals.
|
|
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Source
|
p. 391-396. In: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 1: Biology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
|
|
|
Keywords
|
Primary Productivity, Carbon Budgets, Atlantic Reef Corals ICRS3
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Caption
|
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Abstract
|
Primary productivity of surface reefs can be estimated by the classic methods of Odum and Odum, but these procedures are unsuitable for deeper sections of reef. The paper will compare laboratorybased and in situ methods of measuring primary productivity and carbon budgets at different depths on the reef in- some- Atlantic Reef Corals.
|
|
|
Online Documents
|
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|
|
|
|
23.
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|
ICRS3
Goreau, T.J.,
1977
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Carbon metabolism in calcifying and photosynthetic organisms: theoretical models based on stable isotope data.
p. 395- 403 in: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 2: Geology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
|
Author
|
Goreau, T.J.
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Year
|
1977
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Title
|
Carbon metabolism in calcifying and photosynthetic organisms: theoretical models based on stable isotope data.
|
|
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Source
|
p. 395- 403 in: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 2: Geology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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|
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Keywords
|
Carbon-13, Photosynthesis, Isotope Fractionation, Respiration, Carbon-14, Metabolism, Growth Rate, Mass Balance, Calcification, Models, ICRS3
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Caption
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Abstract
|
A model of carbon isotope metabolism in corals has been used to estimate that between half and two thirds of the inorganic carbon used in calcification and photosynthesis is derived from respiration, and the rest from seawater. Steady state solutions of general mass balance equations for Carbon- 13 containing hysiological parameters and stable isotope compositions of major carbon pools result in simple equations for the relative importance pf inorganic carbon derived from seawater and from respiration, for organic carbon derived from the zooxanthellae and from feeding on zooplankton, and for the fraction of inorganic carbon that is photosynthetically fixed by algae. Variants of the model appropriate to hermatypic corals, ahermatypes, zooxanthellae-containing foraminifers, calcareous and non-calcareous algae illustrate the role of photosynthesis/calcification/respiration ratios on stable isotope composition. Growth rate is shown to have a complicated effect on isotopic composition. While detailed quantitative modeling requires more data: than is currently available, published data is consistent with the model predictions although lacking the internal cross checks required, particularly determination of both tissue and skeleton composition. These cross checks playa large, and previously unrecognized role-affecting interpretation of carbon-13 in terms of environmental variables. Carbon-14 labelling results are compatible with carbon-13 results at steady state, and the time dependent case is especially valuable if reported in consistent units to the NBS standard. Carefully designed physiological experiments coordinated with stable isotope determinations provide insight into cellular carbon metabolism because they add additional constraints that the data must satisfy.
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Online Documents
|
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|
|
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24.
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ICRS3
Stearn, C.W. and T.P. Scoffin,
1977
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Carbonate budget of a fringing reef, Barbados.
p. 471- 476 in: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 2: Geology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
|
Author
|
Stearn, C.W. and T.P. Scoffin
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Year
|
1977
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|
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Title
|
Carbonate budget of a fringing reef, Barbados.
|
|
|
Source
|
p. 471- 476 in: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 2: Geology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
|
|
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Keywords
|
Corals, Algae, Boring, Sponges, Barnacles, Bivalves, Parrotfish, Diadema antillarum , Carbonate Budget, ICRS3
|
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Caption
|
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Abstract
|
The rate of calcium carbonate production by corals was determined by measuring the annual growth increments revealed by X-rays in the species determined by areal surveys of the reef to be important in building the framework. The rate of growth of coralline algae was measured from artificial substrates and staining experiments. The co2als and algae fix about 160 metric tons per year of CaCO3 over a planimetric area of about 10,800 m of rocky substrate. Studies of the extent of boring by sponges, barnacles, and bivalves in the corals suggest that about 1.5 metric tons are removed by these organisms per year. These same borers are estimated to remove 23.5 metric tons from the algal encrusted dead coral surface. The effect on the reef structure of grazing by parrotfish is calculated to be about 1 metric ton per year but the urchin Diadema antillarum scrapes up to 163 tons per year of the substrate from the reef in grazing on algae. Although not all factors of construction or destruction have been taken into account, these figures suggest a considerable deficit in the carbonate budget of the reef.
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|
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Online Documents
|
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|
|
|
|
25.
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|
ICRS3
Dodge, R.E., K.K.Turekian and J.R. Vaisnys,
1977
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|
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Climatic implications of Barbados coral growth.
p. 361-365 in: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 2: Geology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
|
Author
|
Dodge, R.E., K.K.Turekian and J.R. Vaisnys
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Year
|
1977
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|
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Title
|
Climatic implications of Barbados coral growth.
|
|
|
Source
|
p. 361-365 in: D.L. Taylor (ed.) Proceedings of Third International Coral Reef Symposium Vol. 2: Geology. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida.
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|
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Keywords
|
growth temperature, density bands, Coral Growth Band Analysis, Climate, Fossil, Reefs, ICRS3
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Caption
|
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Abstract
|
Results from a coral growth band analysis utilizing samples of M. annularis from the Recent Barbados reef and from three fossil raised reefs (Barbados I, II, and III dated at 82,000, 105,000, and 125,000 yrs. B.P.) indicate that in the Barbados II collection both average band width and variability were lower than in the other samples. We suggest the climate during formation of the 105,000 yrs. B.P. reef was signifcantly different than that of the present.
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|
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Online Documents
|
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|
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