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Proceedings of the Symposium on Corals and Coral Reefs, 1969
The First International Coral Reef Symposium was held at the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, India from 12-16th January 1969. Scientists from 11 countries attended and discussed diverse issues related to coral reef studies.
Based on the success of the Mandapam Camp symposium, it was decided that such meetings should be held at intervals of three years at main centers of reef studies and a preliminary organizational framework for conducting similar symposia on corals reefs was laid out at the end of this symposium.
Search Result: 295 records
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1.
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ICRS10
Kan, H. and T. Kawana,
2006
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‘Catch-up’ of a high-latitude barrier reef by back-reef growth during post-glacial sea-level rise, Southern Ryukyus, Japan
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 494-503 pp
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Author
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Kan, H. and T. Kawana
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Year
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2006
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Title
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‘Catch-up’ of a high-latitude barrier reef by back-reef growth during post-glacial sea-level rise, Southern Ryukyus, Japan
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Source
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Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 494-503 pp
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Keywords
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Post-glacial reef growth, sea level change, barrier reef, high-latitude active margin, ICRS10
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Caption
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Abstract
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Sekisei reef is a rare example of a barrier
reef that is developed on tectonically active margin
between the islands of Ishigaki and Iriomote in the
southern Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Cores from three
drill holes and five seismic profiles provide data for
discussion of post-glacial barrier reef formation. The
Holocene sequence of Sekisei Reef is less than 20 m
thick and established on an extensive antecedent
platform around -20 m which is considered to be a
major factor controlling the formation of the barrier
reef. Age data indicate that the Holocene reef started
to grow around 8,500 cal. yr BP with simultaneous
growth on both the rim and in the lagoon. The
lagoonal patch reef, composed of branching
acroporid corals and calcareous algae, grew rapidly at
an average rate of 9.2 m/ka, reaching sea level at
6,500 cal. yr BP. In contrast, the barrier reef rim,
composed of tabular acroporids, apparently grew to
sea level at around 4,000 cal. yr BP, giving a lag of
2,500 years. Vigorous growth of back reef zones in
the early stages of high-latitude barrier-reef
development contrasts with the accretion style of
those in low latitudes where the reef rim is first to
grow to sea level.
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Online Documents
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2.
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ICRS10
Spurgeon, J. and T. Roxburgh,
2006
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A Blueprint for Maximising Sustainable Coastal Benefits: The American Samoa Case Study
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1218-1226 pp
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Author
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Spurgeon, J. and T. Roxburgh
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Year
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2006
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Title
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A Blueprint for Maximising Sustainable Coastal Benefits: The American Samoa Case Study
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Source
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Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1218-1226 pp
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Keywords
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Coral reefs, mangroves, economic valuation, contingent valuation, economic model, GIS, ICRS10
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Caption
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Abstract
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This paper proposes the need for new integrated guidance
for a “value-based” approach to facilitate more
sustainable management of global coral reefs and other
coastal resources. Values in this context include not only
economic welfare values, but also a range of other
indicators of value. The paper suggests a series of
supporting principles, frameworks and methodologies
upon which the guidance should be based. Their
application is then discussed with reference to a case
study in American Samoa for which the economic value
derived by residents and visitors to the islands are
estimated to be a minimum US$ 5 million/year (or US$
161 million in total or US$ 0.7/m2) for coral reefs and
US$ 0.7 million/year (or US$ 24 million in total or US$
50/m2) for mangroves respectively. With the inclusion of
non-use values potentially held by the US general public,
the total value of these habitats could be more than
double these figures. Innovative aspects of the study
include a spatial GIS-based approach highlighting the
extent to which values vary spatially, a contingent
valuation study that assesses non-use values, and
consideration of both present and future potential values
under alternative management scenarios. The paper
concludes by highlighting recommendations as to what
further steps need to be taken in development of the new
guidance.
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Online Documents
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3.
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ICRS10
Kojis, B. L. and N. J. Quinn,
2006
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A census of US Virgin Islands commercial fishers at the start of the 21st century
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1326-1334 pp
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Author
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Kojis, B. L. and N. J. Quinn
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Year
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2006
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Title
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A census of US Virgin Islands commercial fishers at the start of the 21st century
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Source
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Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1326-1334 pp
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Keywords
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Reef fishery, Caribbean, small scale fishery, socioeconomic survey, ICRS10
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Caption
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Abstract
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A census of the commercial fishers of the
U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) was conducted from July
2003 to January 2004 to determine the socioeconomic
aspects of the fishers and to describe equipment used
in the fishery. USVI fishers had a mean age of 50.5
yrs and on average had fished almost 23 years and
planned to continue to fish for the rest of their lives.
The fishers do not have much education as over 50%
of the fishers had not completed high school. The St.
Thomas/St. John District (NVI) fishery was dominated
by trap fishers catching mainly reef fish and
lobsters. They fished an average 2.6 times per week
during an 8 hrs trip. In contrast, St. Croix District
(STX) fishers were more likely to target pelagic fish
and deep water snappers. NVI fishers have been
fishing longer than STX fishers. NVI fishers are
slightly younger and slightly better educated than STX
fishers. All fishers surveyed were male. More NVI
respondents worked as full time fishers. The fishers
targeted a variety of fin fish and shellfish with the
most common categories being reef fish and coastal
pelagic fish. A wide range of fishing gear including
traps, lines, nets and scuba were used. About 50 NVI
fishers used more than 7,500 fish traps, modified
lobster traps, and plastic lobster traps. In STX, traps
were not as commonly used. Instead fishers diversified
into other gears such as multi-hook vertical
setlines, gill and trammel nets, and scuba. Fishing
using hand lines or less commonly, rods and reels,
was done by most fishers. Fishing was usually performed
in the day.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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4.
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ICRS10
Nakamura, Y., M. Horinouchi, T. Shibuno, H. Kawasaki and M. Sano,
2006
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A comparison of seagrass-fish assemblage structures in open oceanic and coastal bay areas in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 446-452 pp
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Author
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Nakamura, Y., M. Horinouchi, T. Shibuno, H. Kawasaki and M. Sano
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Year
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2006
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Title
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A comparison of seagrass-fish assemblage structures in open oceanic and coastal bay areas in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan
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Source
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Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 446-452 pp
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Keywords
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seagrass bed, coral reef, fish, coastal-bay, open-oceanic, Ryukyu Islands, ICRS10
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Caption
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Abstract
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In the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan,
seagrass beds occur in open oceanic and coastal bay
areas. To clarify any differences existing in the fish
assemblage structures between these seagrass bed types,
visual censuses were conducted at four Cymodocea
serrulata-dominated sites in October 2003 and May 2004.
Two sites in the Sekisei Lagoon were selected to
represent exposed oceanic seagrass beds and two sites at
Ishigaki Island for coastal bay seagrass beds. The mean
numbers of fish species and individuals per transect (40
m2) did not differ significantly among the four sites, the
fish assemblage at each comprised seagrass bed residents
and coral reef species. A cluster analysis, based on the
abundance of each species, showed that the similarity of
fish assemblages between the coastal bay and open
oceanic areas was relatively high, with 15 dominant
species contributing over 80% of the total individual
number, indicating that seagrass beds in the Ryukyu
Islands are utilized by a limited number of species.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
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5.
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ICRS10
Beger, M., G. P. Jones and H. P. Possingham,
2006
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A method of statistical modelling of coral reef fish distribution: Can it aid conservation planning in data poor regions?
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1445-1446 pp
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Author
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Beger, M., G. P. Jones and H. P. Possingham
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Year
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2006
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Title
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A method of statistical modelling of coral reef fish distribution: Can it aid conservation planning in data poor regions?
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Source
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Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1445-1446 pp
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Keywords
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coral reef fish diversity, GLM, conservation planning, species distribution, probability of occurrence, ICRS10
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Caption
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Abstract
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Conservation planning for biodiversity requires spatially
continuous species data that encompasses the area of
interest. Because of the lack of such data in most coral
reef settings, we developed a statistical model to expand
site-specific coral reef fish species counts to continuous
spatial data. Biotic and abiotic reef characteristics were
evaluated in their suitability to serve as predictor
variables. These variables were then applied to our
species distribution model. We used a Generalised Linear
Modelling approach to determine the probability of
occurrence of seven focal fish species in an unsurveyed
patch or habitat. For six out of seven species we derived
suitable models and predicted their presences across the
whole study area of Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea. The
resulting data were entered into the reserve selection
software MARXAN, comparing the modelled data with
the original species dataset in their ability to identify
priority sites for conservation in irreplaceability maps.
The species distribution model constituted a powerful tool
to expand limited site records to be used in conservation
planning in conjunction with abiotic and biotic reef
information for a larger planning area. At the same time,
sites with high conservation priority identified by species
data were also identified by modelled data.
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Online Documents
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6.
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ICRS10
Shafir, S., J. V. Rijn and B. Rinkevich,
2006
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A mid-water coral nursery
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1674-1679 pp
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Author
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Shafir, S., J. V. Rijn and B. Rinkevich
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Year
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2006
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Title
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A mid-water coral nursery
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Source
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Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1674-1679 pp
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Keywords
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coral, Eilat, mid-water nursery, Red Sea, restoration, ICRS10
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Caption
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Abstract
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The nursery component in an active reef
restoration program is used as a tool that provides coral
source material for the rehabilitation of denuded reef
areas. Here, we present the first mid-water floating coral
nursery, an improved prototype of earlier attached-tosubstrate
coral nurseries. A total of 7119 fragments
sampled from 11 branching species and 21 intact
colonies of Favia favus were maricultured at six meter
depth, 14 m above sea bottom in close vicinity to fish
farm facilities and 8 km away from the coral nature
reserve, at Eilat, Red Sea. Total mortality of fragments
during 10 nursery months was very low (less the 10%)
while growth rates were high (up to 6 fold in height). The
massive coral F. favus showed zero mortality and an
average growth rate of 159% during 270 nursery days.
We conclude that floating nurseries, installed away from
major reef structures, improve coral culturing as
compared to attached-to-substrate nurseries by providing
better water and nutrient fluxes, promoting the
elimination of sediment, improving cleaning by whole
nursery movements, and providing optimal PAR to
maricultured coral colonies through depth adjustment. In
addition, detrimental impacts caused by recreational
activities and corallivorous organisms are eliminated.
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Online Documents
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7.
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ICRS10
Nakada, S., Y. Ishihara and A. Harashima,
2006
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A Numerical Simulation of Sea-surface Currents in the Sekisei Lagoon and the Coral Egg and Larvae Transport
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 864-871 pp
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Author
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Nakada, S., Y. Ishihara and A. Harashima
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Year
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2006
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Title
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A Numerical Simulation of Sea-surface Currents in the Sekisei Lagoon and the Coral Egg and Larvae Transport
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Source
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Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 864-871 pp
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Keywords
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A Numerical Simulation, Coral Larvae, Nesting method, Particle Motion, ICRS10
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Caption
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Abstract
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The Sekisei Lagoon surrounded by the
Yaeyama archipelago is one of the coral reef areas in
Japan. However, it has been partly damaged due to
several causes. The transport of coral egg and larvae from
the less damaged area would contribute to the recruitment
and recovery in the damaged area. Predicting the
trajectory from such source areas to recruitment areas
will help ascertain the protective area and clarify the
restoration process of the damaged coral reefs on the
basis of the a numerical modeling of flow and dispersion
patterns. We focus on flow patterns both of the whole
Sekisei Lagoon and the area around Kurosima which is
expected as a source area. For this purpose, flow patterns
in summer in the Sekisei Lagoon were examined using a
multi-level hydrostatic model with a two-stepped nesting
approach. The model is driven by the averaged wind
stress in summer and the M2 tidal component. The result
of our model suggests that an effect of south wind in
summer plays most essential role for the transport of
coral eggs and larvae in Sekisei Lagoon. It is supposed
that our numerical model is useful to estimate the
transport course of coral eggs and larvae at the surface
due to barotropic flow at least. In particular, tide inside of
the coral reef around Kurosima does not dominate, but a
drift current by wind rather developed
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Online Documents
|
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8.
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ICRS10
Bucher, D. J. and E. Fischer,
2006
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A Possible Role for Urea in Mediating Coral Responses to External Ammonium supply.
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 831-836 pp
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Author
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Bucher, D. J. and E. Fischer
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Year
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2006
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Title
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A Possible Role for Urea in Mediating Coral Responses to External Ammonium supply.
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Source
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Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 831-836 pp
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Keywords
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urea, calcification, ammonium, Acropora, ICRS10
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Caption
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Abstract
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In the early 1970s it was observed that some
reef-building corals contained surprisingly high levels of
urea for aquatic invertebrates. A hypothesis was proposed
at the time, whereby hydrolysis of urea might neutralise the
protons formed by deposition of CaCO3, thereby enhancing
the rate of calcification. However, since that early work the
role of urea in coral metabolism has received little
attention. We propose that the primary role of urea is to
allow the coral-zooxanthellae association to take advantage
of episodic peaks in nitrogen availability in an otherwise
nutrient-poor environment. Urea would accumulate during
times of nitrogen excess to be hydrolysed to release
ammonium to the zooxanthellae in times of shortage. An
increase in calcification rates could be a beneficial sideeffect
of a pulsed nitrogen supply. Preliminary testing of
this hypothesis has shown 1. that urea concentrations can
be measured in a field laboratory using a colorimetric kit
designed for use with human blood plasma 2. that urea
concentrations increase significantly in corals exposed to
ammonium pulses and return to those of control corals in
low-ammonium seawater, 3. that calcification rates in
corals exposed to a pulse of ammonium tend to increase
relative to controls in low-nutrient seawater. We predict
that, under conditions of chronically elevated nitrogen, if
urea concentrations in the coral exceed a threshold level,
then a decline in growth and health of the coral could
follow. The levels of urea in coral tissue may provide
another tool by which the nitrogen sufficiency of a coral
might be monitored.
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Online Documents
|
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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9.
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ICRS1
Talbot, F.H. and B. Goldman,
1972
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A preliminary report on the diversity and feeding relationship of reef fishes of One Tree Island, Great Barrier Reef system,
p. 425-443. In: C. Mukundan and C.S. Gopinadha Pillai (eds.) Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Corals and Coral Reefs. Marine Biological Association of India, Mandapam Camp, India.
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Author
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Talbot, F.H. and B. Goldman
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Year
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1972
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Title
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A preliminary report on the diversity and feeding relationship of reef fishes of One Tree Island, Great Barrier Reef system,
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Source
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p. 425-443. In: C. Mukundan and C.S. Gopinadha Pillai (eds.) Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Corals and Coral Reefs. Marine Biological Association of India, Mandapam Camp, India.
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Keywords
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Reef fish, Diversity, Feeding interactions, ICRS1
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Caption
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Abstract
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Online Documents
|
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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10.
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ICRS1
Rajendran, A.D.I. and K. David,
1972
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A preliminary underwater survey of the extent of the coral reefs in and around some of the islands in the Gulf of Mannar,
p. 231-238. In: C. Mukundan and C.S. Gopinadha Pillai (eds.) Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Corals and Coral Reefs. Marine Biological Association of India, Mandapam Camp, India.
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Author
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Rajendran, A.D.I. and K. David
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Year
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1972
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Title
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A preliminary underwater survey of the extent of the coral reefs in and around some of the islands in the Gulf of Mannar,
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Source
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p. 231-238. In: C. Mukundan and C.S. Gopinadha Pillai (eds.) Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Corals and Coral Reefs. Marine Biological Association of India, Mandapam Camp, India.
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Keywords
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Coral reefs, Survey, Exploitation, ICRS1
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Caption
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Abstract
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Online Documents
|
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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11.
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ICRS1
Bruce, A.J.,
1972
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A review of information upon the coral hosts of commensal shrimps of the sub-family Pontoninae, Kingsley, 1878 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae),
p. 399-417. In: C. Mukundan and C.S. Gopindha Pillai (eds.) Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Corals and Coral Reefs, Marine Biological Association of India, Mandapam Camp, India.
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Author
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Bruce, A.J.
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Year
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1972
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Title
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A review of information upon the coral hosts of commensal shrimps of the sub-family Pontoninae, Kingsley, 1878 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae),
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Source
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p. 399-417. In: C. Mukundan and C.S. Gopindha Pillai (eds.) Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Corals and Coral Reefs, Marine Biological Association of India, Mandapam Camp, India.
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Keywords
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Taxonomy, Shrimp, Commensal, Ecology, ICRS1
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Caption
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Abstract
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Online Documents
|
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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12.
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ICRS10
Ninomiya, S., S. Kurahashi, T. Masumoto, T. Iwashita and Y. Nakano,
2006
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A study on comprehensive management of coral reef areas －Restoration technologies focusing on a symbiotic relationship between corals and segrasses in moats.－
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1617-1626 pp
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Author
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Ninomiya, S., S. Kurahashi, T. Masumoto, T. Iwashita and Y. Nakano
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Year
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2006
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Title
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A study on comprehensive management of coral reef areas －Restoration technologies focusing on a symbiotic relationship between corals and segrasses in moats.－
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Source
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Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1617-1626 pp
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Keywords
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seagrass bed, transplantation method, coral reef, symbiotic relationship, coral settlement, Okinawa, ICRS10
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Caption
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Abstract
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colonies spreading over reef slopes and lagoons, exist in
a variety of marine environments including seagrass
beds in moats, sargassum beds formed on dead coral
skeletons, or mangrove forests in estuaries. In the coastal
waters of Okinawa, coral reefs have been playing crucial
roles in providing rich marine biota. However, their area
of habitation is now diminishing due to the impact of
increasing coastal reclamation and land development.
Our study has thereby been directed to explore the
technologies needed to restore the marine and coastal
environment, in particular the ones applicable to
restoring coral reefs and seagrass beds. In an attempt to
explore the comprehensive management strategies for
coral reefs, this experimental study was conducted on
seagrass growing in moats, focusing on the different
characteristics of the growth processes and the habitat
conditions of each seagrass species as well as the
symbiotic relationship between corals and Thalassia
hemprichii. The seagrass plants were transplanted using
both conventional and newly developed methods, and
monitored to examine their effectiveness. Materials
capable of facilitating coral settlement, were also utilized
for the fixation of seagrass, and examined for their
workability.
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Online Documents
|
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13.
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ICRS10
Hoffmann, T. C. ,
2006
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A Survey to Assess the Needs of MPAs in Building Capacity for Effective Management and Coral Reef Conservation
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1703-1712 pp
|
Author
|
Hoffmann, T. C.
|
|
|
Year
|
2006
|
|
|
Title
|
A Survey to Assess the Needs of MPAs in Building Capacity for Effective Management and Coral Reef Conservation
|
|
|
Source
|
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1703-1712 pp
|
|
|
Keywords
|
coral reef management, effective management, marine protected areas, ICRS10
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
Twenty-eight coral reef Marine Protected
Areas (MPAs) in East Africa, East Asia, the South
Pacific, and the Wider Caribbean were surveyed to
assess reef threats, and management, education, and
outreach needs of various stakeholders. Respondents
answered over 40 questions in a written survey.
Results show that the three biggest challenges sites
face are financial support (13 sites), staff shortages
(nine sites), and enforcement of regulations (four sites).
Our findings also show that the three most critical
issues facing the sites, as perceived by the respondents,
are over-fishing and destructive fishing (22 sites),
followed by tourism impacts (14 sites), and sewage and
waste disposal (14 sites). This paper will present
detailed results from the survey and offer
recommendations that will assist efforts to foster
management effectiveness and improve coral reef
conservation.
|
|
|
Online Documents
|
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|
|
|
|
14.
|
|
ICRS10
Green, E., R. Wood, R. P. Stumpf, G. C. Feldman, N. Kuring, B. Franz, A. Holt, C. Ravillious, J. Oliver and J. A. Robinson,
2006
|
|
|
|
|
All our eggs in one basket: the present state of coral reef conservation
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1504-1510 pp
|
Author
|
Green, E., R. Wood, R. P. Stumpf, G. C. Feldman, N. Kuring, B. Franz, A. Holt, C. Ravillious, J. Oliver and J. A. Robinson
|
|
|
Year
|
2006
|
|
|
Title
|
All our eggs in one basket: the present state of coral reef conservation
|
|
|
Source
|
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1504-1510 pp
|
|
|
Keywords
|
marine protected areas, biodiversity conservation, ICRS10
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
Various targets aiming to protect proportions of
marine ecosystems ranging from 10-30% of their total
area have been adopted by national governments and
conservation professionals. Efforts to assess the baseline
provided by existing marine protected areas (MPAs) and
to track progress towards achieving these targets both
require the measurement of the proportion of marine
ecosystems presently occurring within the boundaries of
MPAs. The planning of new MPAs and the design of
future regional scale MPA networks also require
information on the distribution of protected marine
ecosystems. Therefore, in the first ecosystem-based
analysis of MPAs, maps of coral reefs and tropical
shallow-water habitats (SWH) were analysed with spatial
data on MPA location and boundaries. Presently 52,800
km2 (19%) of the world’s coral reefs and 404,400 km2
(7%) of tropical SWH is theoretically protected by being
incorporated within the boundaries of MPAs. These
proportions, while broadly in line with targets being
adopted, are deceptively high in terms of biodiversity
conservation. Most protected coral reef (72%) and
tropical SWH (45%) is within one protected area, the
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and, until July 2004,
worldwide 41% were managed under regimes which can permit destructive activities. The rest occurs in hundreds
of small MPAs (median size 5km2) with pronounced
regional differences in the proportion protected. We
assess the existing collection of coral reef MPAs as a
foundation for a global network and discuss the utility of
protection targets.
|
|
|
Online Documents
|
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|
|
|
|
15.
|
|
ICRS10
CJ Walker, R., D. J. Ponce-Taylor, A. Mcvean, H. Waska, J. F. Taylor, J. Comley and P. S. Raines,
2006
|
|
|
|
|
An Environmental Management Plan for Snorkel Based Tourism as a Form of Alternative Livelihood – Sian Ka’an UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, Mexico
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1903-1910 pp
|
Author
|
CJ Walker, R., D. J. Ponce-Taylor, A. Mcvean, H. Waska, J. F. Taylor, J. Comley and P. S. Raines
|
|
|
Year
|
2006
|
|
|
Title
|
An Environmental Management Plan for Snorkel Based Tourism as a Form of Alternative Livelihood – Sian Ka’an UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, Mexico
|
|
|
Source
|
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1903-1910 pp
|
|
|
Keywords
|
Coral Reefs, Eco-tourism, alternative livelihood, Mexico, baseline survey, ICRS10
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
The Sian Ka’an UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
supports some of the most biologically unique coastal
wetlands and shallow reef environments in the
Caribbean. However, the Reserve is being placed under
increasing pressure from tourism. Villagers from the
coastal fishing community of Punta Allen, the only
permanent community within the reserve, are now
attempting to reduce fishing pressure within the reserve
by developing snorkel tourism as an alternative
livelihood and taking advantage of the increased tourism
within the Reserve.
In response to this development, Coral Cay
Conservation (CCC), a UK based not for profit
conservation organisation, was invited by La Comisión
Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas to undertake
baseline surveys across 12 patch reefs regularly used by
the fishermen to conduct snorkel tours for tourists. These
surveys revealed that the reefs were generally
biologically rich compared to other reefs in the wider
Caribbean region. Based on the survey results, a relative
conservation management rating was developed for the
12 patch reefs, with two sites highlighted for their
exceptional biological diversity. A local environmental
management strategy was established for the community
of Punta Allen, with recommendations that the two reefs
of exceptional conservation value be excluded from
snorkelling and fishing activities, and be managed as
community run Marine Protected Areas.
|
|
|
Online Documents
|
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
|
|
|
|
16.
|
|
ICRS10
Manzello, D., J.C. Hendee, D. Ward and Z.H. Starr,
2006
|
|
|
|
|
An Evaluation of Environmental Parameters Coincident with the Partial Bleaching Event in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands 2003
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 709-717 pp
|
Author
|
Manzello, D., J.C. Hendee, D. Ward and Z.H. Starr
|
|
|
Year
|
2006
|
|
|
Title
|
An Evaluation of Environmental Parameters Coincident with the Partial Bleaching Event in St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands 2003
|
|
|
Source
|
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 709-717 pp
|
|
|
Keywords
|
Coral Bleaching – Thermal Stress – Solar Radiation – Wind – CDOM, ICRS10
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
A partial bleaching event was reported in
September and October 2003 in St. Croix, yet no
bleaching alert was produced by the expert system
software dubbed the Coral Reef Early Warning System
(CREWS). This presents an opportunity for refining
the modeling and predictive success of the CREWS
software specifically for the St. Croix site by
examination of the pertinent environmental parameters
(sea temperature, wind speeds, irradiance) associated
with the 2003 bleaching event. Elevated sea
temperatures were likely the primary catalyst of
bleaching and were coincident with dampened wind
speeds. The least attenuation (greatest penetration) of
UVB occurred during October when bleaching was
most severe, but was variable. A nearly parallel trend
with wind speed and UVB penetration was found and
supports the hypothesis that the attenuation of UVB
into the water column is controlled by CDOM
concentrations, which are elevated due to wind-driven
mixing.
|
|
|
Online Documents
|
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
|
|
|
|
17.
|
|
ICRS10
Vargas-Angel, B., B. Riegl, D. Gilliam and R. Dodge,
2006
|
|
|
|
|
An experimental histopathological rating scale of sedimentation stress in the Caribbean coral Montastraea cavernosa
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1168-1173 pp
|
Author
|
Vargas-Angel, B., B. Riegl, D. Gilliam and R. Dodge
|
|
|
Year
|
2006
|
|
|
Title
|
An experimental histopathological rating scale of sedimentation stress in the Caribbean coral Montastraea cavernosa
|
|
|
Source
|
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1168-1173 pp
|
|
|
Keywords
|
Montastraea cavernosa, sedimentation stress, histopathology, ICRS10
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
Colonies of Montastraea cavernosa were
exposed to daily applications of approx. 200–225 mg cm–
2 sediments, during a four-week period, in order to
investigate coral responses to increased sedimentation.
Effects were assessed based on the histopathological
condition of specimen tissues. Mild stress responses were
noted as early as week one, including tissue swelling and
polyp retraction, as well as changes in size and
appearance of mucous secretory cells. As stress
progressed, further inflammation of the mucous secretory
cells was observed. Severe effects were observed in
weeks 3 and 4, including atrophy of the outer epidermis,
increased granularity and debris in gastrodermal cells of
the middle and lower polyp region, as well as swelling
and granularity of the calicoblastic epithelium. A semiquantitative
rating scale was developed to score tissue
condition based on the histopathological changes
observed in control and treated corals. Although some
signs of stress were also present in some control colonies,
statistical analyses indicated significant differences in
histopathological condition between control and treated
corals. Our results confirm previous research that sublethal
effects of sedimentation on corals are complex,
involving both localized and systemic cell injury. Our
results offer insight with regards to the diagnosis of
healthy vs. unhealthy condition in reef corals, and
provide a framework to survey for cellular reactions to
environmental stress in coral reefs.
|
|
|
Online Documents
|
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|
|
|
|
18.
|
|
ICRS10
Voss, J.D., D.K. Mills, and L.L. Richardson,
2004
|
|
|
|
|
An integrative analysis of Environmental factors, coral population and community structure and microbial community composition associated with coral diseases near Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas.
Abstract, Tenth International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa
|
Author
|
Voss, J.D., D.K. Mills, and L.L. Richardson
|
|
|
Year
|
2004
|
|
|
Title
|
An integrative analysis of Environmental factors, coral population and community structure and microbial community composition associated with coral diseases near Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas.
|
|
|
Source
|
Abstract, Tenth International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa
|
|
|
Keywords
|
environmental factor, coral population, community structure, lee stocking island microbial community composition, ICRS10
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
Online Documents
|
No online document
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
|
|
|
|
19.
|
|
ICRS10
Borneman E.H and Gerard M. Wellington,
2006
|
|
|
|
|
Apoptosis in diseased reef corals
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 142-148 pp
|
Author
|
Borneman E.H and Gerard M. Wellington
|
|
|
Year
|
2006
|
|
|
Title
|
Apoptosis in diseased reef corals
|
|
|
Source
|
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 142-148 pp
|
|
|
Keywords
|
apoptosis, coral disease, shut-down reaction, white band disease, programmed cell death, ICRS10
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
The inability to find pathogens in many coral diseases, along with the inconsistencies of many events causing coral mortality that are not immediately amenable to a pathogen hypothesis or to necrosis, underscores the need for alternate explanations of coral disease and death. Cell death occurs by two primary pathways: necrosis and apoptosis. Apoptosis is a highly conserved, noninflammatory, sequentially ordered cell death program that has come under wide study in mammalian and nemertean system in the past decade. While apoptosis has a role in many developmental events, immunological responses, and in normal senescence, it also occurs and results in many acute and chronic pathologic conditions. Apoptosis can be triggered by bacteria, viruses, stress, chemicals, hypoxia, anoxia, trauma, and various other events that set off the apoptotic cascade of events. To date, the occurrence and mechanisms by which apoptosis might occur in corals has not been well investigated. Samples of corals with white band disease and shutdown reaction were assayed for the presence of apoptotic nuclei. Fifteen species of scleractinian corals from the families Acroporidae and Pocilloporidae from both the Indo-Pacific and Caribbean regions showing signs of white band disease or shut down reaction were found to have apoptotic cells present. Induction of tissue sloughing consistent with patterns of coral disease was produced using known inducers, stressors, and uncharacterized chemical signals from apoptotic corals. This is one of the first reports of apoptosis occurring in coral tissue. The implications of apoptosis in coral disease and the conservation of pathways in phylogenetically ancient lineages based on these findings are discussed.
|
|
|
Online Documents
|
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|
|
|
|
20.
|
|
ICRS10
Eakin, C. M., P.K. Swart, T.M. Quinn, K.P. Helmle, J.M. Smith and R.E. Dodge,
2006
|
|
|
|
|
Application of Paleoclimatology to Coral Reef Monitoring and Management
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 38-42 pp
|
Author
|
Eakin, C. M., P.K. Swart, T.M. Quinn, K.P. Helmle, J.M. Smith and R.E. Dodge
|
|
|
Year
|
2006
|
|
|
Title
|
Application of Paleoclimatology to Coral Reef Monitoring and Management
|
|
|
Source
|
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 38-42 pp
|
|
|
Keywords
|
coral paleoclimatology, Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, geochemistry, sclerochronology, Coral Reef Watch, Montastraea faveolata, ICRS10
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
The skeletons of reef-building corals are
valuable archives of climatic and environmental
information. Paleoclimatic data chiefly have been
generated in areas most sensitive to global or regional
climatic variability. However, these records also provide
valuable information on anthropogenic influences –
guidance of value to resource managers. NOAA’s Coral
Reef Watch targets observations of current and past coral
reef health in or near marine protected areas through
satellites, in situ sensor platforms, and paleoclimatic
analyses. Paleoclimatic data provide retrospective
monitoring through multi-century environmental
reconstructions that improve our understanding of past
stress to coral reefs. Two sites in the Florida Keys
National Marine Sanctuary were the first to benefit from
Coral Reef Watch Program paleoenvironmental analyses.
Coral cores yielded direct measurements of δ18O, δ13C,
Sr/Ca, and coral skeletal growth (extension, density, and
calcification) and reconstructions of reef temperatures.
Temperature reconstructions were compared with
instrumental data from nearby stations and global data
sets, while skeletal growth was used to infer responses to
changing climatic and environmental conditions.
Differences between paleoclimatic data and gridded
datasets demonstrated that paleodata provide more
accurate estimates of reef temperatures as they sample
subsurface temperatures where the corals live. Because
of relatively high thermal variability, at least 12 samples
per year are needed at these sites. Further work will
extend these records back in time, to new locations, and
expand on the data reconstructed from the skeletal
archives.
|
|
|
Online Documents
|
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|
|
|
|
21.
|
|
ICRS10
Benzoni, F., J. S. Ashworth, A. M. Addamo, F. Stefani, A. Mabrouk and P. Galli,
2006
|
|
|
|
|
Artisanal fisheries and No-Take Zones in Nabq, Egypt: effects on molluscs and reef top benthic assemblages.
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1362-1367 pp
|
Author
|
Benzoni, F., J. S. Ashworth, A. M. Addamo, F. Stefani, A. Mabrouk and P. Galli
|
|
|
Year
|
2006
|
|
|
Title
|
Artisanal fisheries and No-Take Zones in Nabq, Egypt: effects on molluscs and reef top benthic assemblages.
|
|
|
Source
|
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1362-1367 pp
|
|
|
Keywords
|
Bedouin, edible molluscs, fisheries, Nabq, no-take zones, Red Sea, Tectus, Tridacna, ICRS10
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
The Nabq Managed Resource Protected Area
(MRPA) is located on the southern part of the Gulf of
Aqaba coast of South Sinai, Egypt. A network of four
no-take zones (NTZs) was established in 1995 within the
Nabq MRPA to promote sustainable management of
finfish stocks exploited by artisanal Bedouin fishermen.
Gathering of Tridacna spp. and of other edible
invertebrates on the reef top is also part of the traditional
fishery practised by the local Bedouin population, mainly
by women. To assess the effects of these NTZs on
gleaned molluscs and on the reef top benthic
assemblages, a survey of edible molluscs, along with reef
top profile and coral community composition, was
undertaken within NTZs boundaries, and in four adjacent
fished areas. Tridacna spp., Tectus dentatus, Lambis
lambis and Strombus spp. population distribution and
structure were assessed on reef flat and crest at sites
within and outside NTZs, with a survey of Tridacna
discarded shells also conducted. No significant
differences in benthic assemblages composition were
found between take zones (TZs) and NTZs. Broken coral
colonies and coral rubble, however, were found on the
reef flat in TZs only, possibly as a result of trampling.
Differences in Tridacna spp. and Tectus dentatus
populations were found on the reef flat between TZs and
NTZs. The size-frequency distribution of gleaned
Tridacna showed a smaller size range than live giant
clams within NTZs, while the formers had a greater
modal size than live clams. Although the establishment
of NTZs was initially planned for the management of
finfish, it has led to differences in mollusc populations
between TZs and NTZs. For Tridacna, being sessile
bivalves, spillover from NTZs to fished areas, such as
may be important with finfish, is negligible or absent.
|
|
|
Online Documents
|
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|
|
|
|
22.
|
|
ICRS1
Yonge, C.M.,
1972
|
|
|
|
|
Aspects of productivity in coral reefs,
p. 1-12. In: C. Mukundan and C.S. Gopindha Pillai (eds.) Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Corals and Coral Reefs, Marine Biological Association of India, Mandapam Camp, India.
|
Author
|
Yonge, C.M.
|
|
|
Year
|
1972
|
|
|
Title
|
Aspects of productivity in coral reefs,
|
|
|
Source
|
p. 1-12. In: C. Mukundan and C.S. Gopindha Pillai (eds.) Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Corals and Coral Reefs, Marine Biological Association of India, Mandapam Camp, India.
|
|
|
Keywords
|
Productivity , Calcification, Plankton, Zooxanthellae, ICRS1
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
Online Documents
|
- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
|
|
|
|
23.
|
|
ICRS10
Muthiga, N. A.,
2006
|
|
|
|
|
Assessing the effectiveness of management of marine protected areas in Kenya: Experiences from the Mombasa marine park and reserve
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1231-1242 pp
|
Author
|
Muthiga, N. A.
|
|
|
Year
|
2006
|
|
|
Title
|
Assessing the effectiveness of management of marine protected areas in Kenya: Experiences from the Mombasa marine park and reserve
|
|
|
Source
|
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1231-1242 pp
|
|
|
Keywords
|
Management effectiveness, marine park and reserve, Mombasa, coral reefs, ICRS10
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are reported
to be effective means of managing coral reefs;
consequently, many developing countries have
established MPA programs. However, whether these
MPAs are successful measured against their stated
objectives has rarely been assessed. An assessment of
the management effectiveness of Kenya’s youngest
MPA, the Mombasa Marine National park and reserve,
was conducted using biophysical, socio-economic and
governance indicators including coral reef health, socioeconomic
welfare and participation of stakeholders and
the level of institutional support for the management of
the MPA. Rates of recovery of coral cover and finfish
biomass were higher in the marine park (no-take area)
than in the marine reserve (restricted fishing zone)
indicating that the marine park is making some progress
towards meeting the stated objective of biodiversity
conservation. The marine reserve however, is not as
effective in meeting the objective of sustainable
utilization, because both coral cover and finfish biomass
have not shown any appreciable increase after
protection. The MPA and local communities are highly
dependent on tourism and their financial stability was
negatively impacted by factors external to the
management of the MPA including ethnic violence and
international terrorism. In addition the 1998 bleaching
event caused high mortality of corals in the MPA; while
the park is showing signs of recovery the reserve is not.
Finfish biomass did not show marked changes after the
bleaching. The MPA is adequately supported with
national legislation, financial support and a management
plan. However administrative instability within the
management authority (the Kenya Wildlife Service) and
conflicts of mandate with other national institutions such
as Fisheries department has constrained the ability of the
MPA to implement management initiatives.
|
|
|
Online Documents
|
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|
|
|
|
24.
|
|
ICRS10
Verheij, E., M. A. Samoilys and H. W. Kalombo,
2006
|
|
|
|
|
Assessing the impact of a community-based network of marine protected areas through long term monitoring of coral reef resources
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1396-1404 pp
|
Author
|
Verheij, E., M. A. Samoilys and H. W. Kalombo
|
|
|
Year
|
2006
|
|
|
Title
|
Assessing the impact of a community-based network of marine protected areas through long term monitoring of coral reef resources
|
|
|
Source
|
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1396-1404 pp
|
|
|
Keywords
|
MPA network, participatory monitoring, communities, ICRS10
|
|
|
Caption
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
A long term integrated and participatory
conservation programme in northern Tanzania has
resulted in the establishment of six collaborative
management areas (CMAs), which were zoned for
multiple uses and include no-take zones. Monitoring of
these areas was initiated bi-annually in 1996 and has
continued to the present. Trained community members
conduct the monitoring and to ensure quality of the
collected data bi-annual calibration exercises are
conducted. The following parameters are measured:
benthic substrate (live, dead, or bleached coral, macroalgae,
soft coral, sponge, seagrass and various abiotic
parameters including rubble), sedentary macroinvertebrates
(sea-urchins, sea-cucumbers, starfish, giant
clams, octopus, crayfish, crown-of-thorns) and fish
(generally identified at the family level, covering 13
families). Analyses to date have shown increases in fish
densities and live coral cover on the closed reefs since
management and enforcement was implemented in 1996.
However, the pattern of recovery in coral cover was
complicated by the coral-bleaching event in 1998. In
addition, coral cover was affected by an outbreak of a
coral disease along the east African coast in 2002/2003,
which affected 4 genera, including Montipora and
Astreopora. The results indicate that recovery in closed
reefs from bleaching and the disease was greater,
supporting improved resilience. Further, coral cover has
increased through the CMAs since destructive fishing
practices, primarily dynamite fishing and beach seining,
have been greatly curtailed. The results demonstrate the
positive impacts of protected areas for managing coral
reef resources, and the effectiveness of community
participation in long term monitoring.
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Online Documents
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- Copies of papers downloaded from ReefBase may be used and reproduced for non-commercial purpose only.
- If you encounter any problem viewing the PDF files, please use the latest version of Adobe Reader.
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25.
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ICRS10
Geronimo, R. C., A. J. Uychiaoco, M. T. Lim, R. M. Seymour, J. Y. Bantang and E. D. Gomez,
2006
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Assessing the impact of biodiversity changes on reef fisheries using an individual based model
Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1457-1462 pp
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Author
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Geronimo, R. C., A. J. Uychiaoco, M. T. Lim, R. M. Seymour, J. Y. Bantang and E. D. Gomez
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Year
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2006
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Title
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Assessing the impact of biodiversity changes on reef fisheries using an individual based model
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Source
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Proceedings of 10th International Coral Reef Symposium, Okinawa, Japan. June 28-July 2, 2004. 1457-1462 pp
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Keywords
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individual-based model, trophic dynamics, reef fish, biodiversity, fishing, ecosystem function, ICRS10
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Caption
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Abstract
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Higher biodiversity is usually loosely
associated with good quality systems relative to human
use. But does biodiversity really have an effect on the
quality of ecosystem services, such as coral reef fisheries
yield? To address this question, we built an individualbased
model of a hypothetical coral reef ecosystem
wherein fish and invertebrate diversity is interpreted as
individual variability among a set of static traits.
The model is composed of 2 interacting layers: a
cellular-automata reef bottom and an individual-based
simulation of fishes, invertebrates and fishers, which
interact with each other. It incorporates foraging,
predation, and competition among fish agents;
movement, growth, reproduction, and mutation for each
fish agent; and fishing for fisher agents.
The model was first run through an evolutionary
phase wherein initial parameter values were fed into the
model and then run for 52,000 time steps, equivalent to
1,000 years, to generate a system of diverse fish and
invertebrate agents. In the ecological phase, mutation
was turned off and fisher agents were introduced to
selectively fish high biomass cells until the system was
depleted. Several simulations for the ecological phase
were run at different initial levels of diversity and fishing
pressure.
Results showed that the effect of diversity on
cumulative total fish catch was most evident in the runs
wherein the starting diversity was reduced to 1% of the
original number of unique agents generated through the
evolutionary phase. Above this, individual genotypic
variability had no significant effect on total fish catch.
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Online Documents
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